{"id":54232,"date":"2025-05-28T12:08:02","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T12:08:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/matis.is\/?p=54232"},"modified":"2025-05-28T12:25:52","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T12:25:52","slug":"er-islenskur-fiskur-umhverfisvaen-ofurfaeda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/matis.is\/en\/frettir\/er-islenskur-fiskur-umhverfisvaen-ofurfaeda\/","title":{"rendered":"Is Icelandic fish an environmentally friendly superfood?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd lok s\u00ed\u00f0asta \u00e1rs kom \u00fat v\u00edsindagrein<\/strong><\/a> \u00ed hinu virta t\u00edmariti Journal of Cleaner Production<\/em> \u00fear sem greint var fr\u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um ranns\u00f3knar sem kanna\u00f0i hvort endurn\u00fdjun \u00edslenska togaraflotans hafi haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00fatbl\u00e1stur gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda \u00fatger\u00f0aflokksins. N\u00fa er komin \u00fat report<\/strong><\/a> um verkefni\u00f0 \u00fear sem kafa\u00f0 er d\u00fdpra \u00ed a\u00f0fer\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i, framkv\u00e6md og ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur verkefnisins. Einnig hefur veri\u00f0 gefin \u00fat brochure<\/strong><\/a> sem dregur fram \u00fdmsar uppl\u00fdsingar um hreinleika, sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rni og hollustu \u00edslenska \u00feorsksins. Verkefni\u00f0 var styrkt af Matv\u00e6lasj\u00f3\u00f0, en a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed komu fj\u00f6ldi sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegsfyrirt\u00e6kja allt \u00ed kringum landi\u00f0, \u00e1samt H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands, H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00e1 Akureyri, RISE \u00ed Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 og Mat\u00eds.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Fr\u00e1 aldam\u00f3tum hefur \u00e1tt s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 mikil endurn\u00fdjun \u00ed \u00edslenska togskipaflotanum, samhli\u00f0a \u00fev\u00ed sem fj\u00f6ldi skipa \u00ed \u00fatger\u00f0arflokknum hefur f\u00e6kka\u00f0 um n\u00e1nast helming. Hefur veri\u00f0 l\u00e1ti\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed vaka a\u00f0 n\u00fdju skipin s\u00e9u mun sparneytnari og \u00fev\u00ed hlj\u00f3ti kolefnisspor afur\u00f0anna a\u00f0 hafa dregist saman af \u00feeim v\u00f6ldum. G\u00f6gn um ol\u00eduinnflutning<\/strong><\/a> til fiskiskipa vir\u00f0ast sty\u00f0ja \u00feessa \u00e1lyktun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Til a\u00f0 greina betur \u00e1hrif endurn\u00fdjunar flotans \u00e1 kolefnisspor fiskafla t\u00f3ku \u00fev\u00ed saman h\u00f6ndum nokkrir fulltr\u00faar togara\u00fatger\u00f0a, \u00e1samt s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum Mat\u00eds, H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands, H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00e1 Akureyri og RISE (Research Institutes of Sweden<\/em>) \u00ed mati \u00e1 umhverfis\u00e1hrifum framlei\u00f0slukerfa. Safna\u00f0 var g\u00f6gnum fr\u00e1 11 togskipum yfir 10 \u00e1ra t\u00edmabil og a\u00f0fer\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i vistferilsgreininga (Life Cycle Assessment<\/em>) beitt til a\u00f0 greina kolefnisspor \u00e1 aflaeiningu, og \u00fe\u00e1 hvort samanbur\u00f0ur \u00e1 milli eldri og n\u00fdrri skipa s\u00fdndi t\u00f6lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega markt\u00e6kan mun. Skipin \u00ed \u00fartakinu voru valin til a\u00f0 gefa gott \u00feversni\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00edslenska togskipaflotanum hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar st\u00e6r\u00f0, aldur, aflasamsetningu og sta\u00f0setningu umhverfis landi\u00f0. Voru \u00ed \u00fartakinu fj\u00f6gur n\u00fd skip sem keypt voru til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed sta\u00f0 eldri skipa \u00fe.a. samanbur\u00f0ur f\u00e9kkst milli eldri og n\u00fdrri skipa hj\u00e1 s\u00f6mu \u00fatger\u00f0, me\u00f0 s\u00f6mu aflaheimildir og jafnvel s\u00f6mu \u00e1h\u00f6fn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Hagr\u00e6\u00f0ing \u00ed fiskiskipast\u00f3lnum skiptir \u00farslitum \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 l\u00e6kkun kolefnisspors<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur greiningarinnar leiddu \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 erfitt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a a\u00f0 endurn\u00fdjun togaraflotans ein og s\u00e9r hafi haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 kolefnisspor \u00e1 aflaeiningu. \u00derj\u00fa af \u00feeim fj\u00f3rum n\u00fdju skipum sem til sko\u00f0unar voru s\u00fdndu ekki markt\u00e6kt l\u00e6gri kolefnisspor en eldri skip sem \u00feau komu \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir. Fj\u00f3r\u00f0a skipi\u00f0 kom hins vegar \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir tv\u00f6 eldri skip, og \u00fear var um markt\u00e6ka l\u00e6kkun a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. L\u00edklegasta sk\u00fdringin \u00fear er hins vegar s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00fear sem aflaheimildum tveggja skipa var safna\u00f0 saman \u00e1 eitt n\u00fdtt skip s\u00e9 \u00fea\u00f0 kv\u00f3tasta\u00f0a og \u00fatger\u00f0armynstur sem hafi r\u00e1\u00f0andi \u00e1hrif, frekar en aldur skipanna. \u00deessar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur eru \u00ed nokku\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0u samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 fyrri ranns\u00f3knir<\/strong><\/a> h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, sem s\u00fdnt hafa fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00e1stand nytjastofna, aflaheimildir og \u00fatger\u00f0armynstur skipta langsamlega mestu m\u00e1li \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 \u00fatbl\u00e6stri gr\u00f3\u00f0urh\u00fasalofttegunda \u00e1 aflaeiningu. \u00deannig hafi sam\u00fej\u00f6ppun aflaheimilda og f\u00e6kkun skipa haft \u00farslita\u00e1hrif var\u00f0andi l\u00e6kkun kolefnisspors, frekar en endurn\u00fdjun flotans. R\u00e9tt er hins vegar a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 samanbur\u00f0ur \u00e1 milli \u00e1ra getur veri\u00f0 erfi\u00f0ur \u00fear sem fiskigengd og aflabr\u00f6g\u00f0 geta veri\u00f0 mj\u00f6g mismunandi \u00e1 milli \u00e1ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yfirgripsmeiri greining \u00e1 kolefnisspori togaraafla heldur en \u00e1\u00f0ur hefur \u00feekkst \u00e1 \u00cdslandi<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur vistferilsgreiningarinnar g\u00e1fu einnig uppl\u00fdsingar um me\u00f0altals kolefnisspor \u00e1 aflaeiningu fyrir skipin \u00ed \u00fartakinu. Eru \u00fea\u00f0 mj\u00f6g mikilv\u00e6grar uppl\u00fdsingar \u00fear sem svo yfirgripsmikil greining \u00e1 kolefnisspori togaraafla hefur ekki fari\u00f0 fram h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00e1\u00f0ur. Fyrri g\u00f6gn n\u00e1\u00f0u einungis yfir einst\u00f6k togskip yfir mun styttri t\u00edmabil. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar s\u00fdna a\u00f0 kolefnisspor landa\u00f0s \u00feorskafla er 0.7 kg CO2<\/sub> \u00edgildi\/kg afla, 0.8 kg \u00feegar kolefnissporinu er \u00fathluta\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feann hluta aflans sem ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 matv\u00e6lum, og 4.5 kg \u00feegar \u00fev\u00ed er \u00fathluta\u00f0 \u00e1 pr\u00f3tein einingar. Svipa\u00f0ar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur fengust fyrir \u00fdsu og ufsa, en kolefnisspor karfa er mun h\u00e6rra \u00fear sem vei\u00f0arnar sj\u00e1lfar eru orkufrekari og n\u00fdting til manneldis mun l\u00e6gri. \u00deessar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur eru \u00ed nokku\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0u samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 samb\u00e6rilegar ranns\u00f3knir sem ger\u00f0ar hafa veri\u00f0 \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum \u00ed \u00feeim l\u00f6ndum sem vi\u00f0 viljum helst bera okkur saman vi\u00f0. N\u00fdlegar greiningar<\/strong><\/a> \u00e1 kolefnisspori norsks togaraafla s\u00fdna til d\u00e6mis a\u00f0 hann s\u00e9 nokkurn vegin \u00e1 pari vi\u00f0 \u00feann \u00edslenska \u00feegar mi\u00f0a\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 kolefnis\u00edgildi \u00e1 afla upp \u00far sj\u00f3. Fyrir hvert k\u00edl\u00f3 landa\u00f0s afla norska togaraflotans er hins vegar brennt 0,35 l\u00edtrum af ol\u00edu \u00ed samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 0,26 l\u00edtra hj\u00e1 \u00feeim \u00edslenska, en munurinn \u00fear \u00e1 liggur l\u00edklegast \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed hve h\u00e1tt hlutfall norsks togaraafla er sj\u00f3fyrstur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e9 kolefnisspor togskipanna \u00ed \u00fartaki ranns\u00f3knarinnar borin saman vi\u00f0 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur samskonar ranns\u00f3knar sem birt var \u00e1ri\u00f0 2014<\/strong><\/a>, sem innih\u00e9lt \u00fe\u00e1 jafnframt greiningu \u00e1 kolefnisspori l\u00ednuskipa, m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 a\u00f0 spor l\u00ednuskipanna er um helmingi minna en togskipanna. \u00cd \u00feeirri ranns\u00f3kn voru hins vegar einungis tv\u00f6 st\u00e6rri l\u00ednuskip og tveir sm\u00e1b\u00e1tar \u00ed \u00fartakinu, jafnframt \u00fev\u00ed sem g\u00f6gnin n\u00e1\u00f0u a\u00f0eins yfir eitt \u00e1r. Full \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a v\u00e6ri \u00fev\u00ed til a\u00f0 endurtaka \u00fe\u00e1 greiningu me\u00f0 jafn yfirgripsmiklum g\u00f6gnum og safna\u00f0 var fyrir greininguna \u00e1 togskipunum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cdslenskur fiskur me\u00f0 hva\u00f0 minnst kolefnisspor \u00ed samanbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur matv\u00e6li<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

\u00deegar \u00e1\u00f0urnefnd kolefnisspor togaraafla eru borin saman vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur matv\u00e6li er auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00edslenskur togarafiskur er me\u00f0al \u00feeirra pr\u00f3teingjafa \u00ed heiminum sem bera hva\u00f0 minnst umhverfisspor. S\u00e9 horft til kolefniss\u00edgilda \u00e1 hvert k\u00edl\u00f3 matarpr\u00f3teina (kg CO2<\/sub> eq\/kg edible protein<\/em>) er til d\u00e6mis kj\u00faklingur me\u00f0 meira en 12 sinnum st\u00e6rra kolefnisspor \u00e1 pr\u00f3tein einingu en \u00feorskur, sv\u00ednakj\u00f6t me\u00f0 17 sinnum st\u00e6rra spor og nautakj\u00f6t 80 sinnum st\u00e6rra spor. R\u00e9tt er \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 taka fram a\u00f0 \u00fear er um alheims me\u00f0alt\u00f6l a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kolefnisspor r\u00e6ktunar og vei\u00f0a mismunandi pr\u00f3teingjafa (kg CO2<\/sub> \u00edgildi \/ kg matarpr\u00f3tein) – <\/strong>(heimildir: Oceana<\/a>, UN<\/a>, OWD<\/a>,Mat\u00eds)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hafa ber \u00ed huga a\u00f0 vistferilsgreiningin n\u00e1\u00f0i einungis til vei\u00f0ihluta vir\u00f0iske\u00f0junnar og a\u00f0 ekki var teki\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00ed reikninginn \u00e1hrif sem s\u00fdnt hefur veri\u00f0 fram \u00ed fyrri ranns\u00f3knum a\u00f0 hafa l\u00e9ttv\u00e6g \u00e1hrif \u00e1 kolefnisspor togvei\u00f0a. Ekki var heldur teki\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00ed reikninginn \u00e1hrif togvei\u00f0a \u00e1 sj\u00e1varbotninn, en \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum hafa veri\u00f0 leiddar l\u00edkur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 togvei\u00f0ar losi um miki\u00f0 magn af CO2<\/sub> sem bundi\u00f0 er \u00ed botnsetum. V\u00edsindasamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 hefur hins vegar ekki komi\u00f0 s\u00e9r saman um hver \u00feau h\u00e1hrif s\u00e9u \u00ed raun og veru. Greiningin var ger\u00f0 \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0lega sta\u00f0la ISO 14044 og eru ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fullu samanbur\u00f0arh\u00e6far vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar ranns\u00f3knir \u00fear sem s\u00f6mu st\u00f6\u00f0lum hefur veri\u00f0 fylgt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00f0 lokum m\u00e1 halda \u00fev\u00ed til haga a\u00f0 r\u00e6ktun flestra matv\u00e6la krefst mikils magns landsv\u00e6\u00f0is og ferskvatns, sem er er \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 \u00feegar um villt sj\u00e1varfang er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Landnotkun \u00ed fermetrum \u00e1 hvert gramm af pr\u00f3teinum <\/strong>(heimild: Oceana<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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Ferskvatnsnotkun \u00ed l\u00edtrum \u00e1 hvert gramm af pr\u00f3teinum<\/strong> (heimild: Oceana<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Frekari uppl\u00fdsingar m\u00e1 n\u00e1lgast \u00e1 project website<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd lok s\u00ed\u00f0asta \u00e1rs kom \u00fat v\u00edsindagrein \u00ed hinu virta t\u00edmariti Journal of Cleaner Production \u00fear sem greint var fr\u00e1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":54238,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"template-covernew.php","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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