Skýrslur

Coastal fisheriers in the N-Atlantic / Kystfiskeri

Útgefið:

29/06/2018

Höfundar:

Jónas R. Viðarsson

Styrkt af:

NORA, Nordic Counsel of Ministers (AG-Fisk) and CCFI

Tengiliður

Jónas Rúnar Viðarsson

Áherslusviðsstjóri

jonas@matis.is

Coastal fisheriers in the N-Atlantic / Kystfiskeri

Coastal fisheries play a vital role in the marine sector of the Nordic countries and often serve as the backbone of the economy of smaller coastal communities. The coastal fleets usually have a big presence in smaller, more remote fishing villages, supplying local processing companies with raw material. The coastal sector is therefore highly important for regional development, as it represents a significant part of total landings and offers employment for a large number of fishermen, processors and other supporting industries. Despite its importance, the Nordic coastal fleet has been struggling for survival for the last decades. This is why a team of stakeholders in the Nordic coastal sector came together in 2012 to facilitate networking within this important sector. With support from NORA, The Nordic Council of Ministers (AG-fisk) and the Canadian Centre for Fisheries Innovation (CCFI) they organised conferences and workshops with the aim to explore opportunities for cooperation and knowledge transfer. This led to various collaborative initiatives and has resulted in the publication of reports on the Nordic coastal sector(s), development of a mobile app to indicate to coastal fishermen how much ice is needed to properly chill and store their catches, publication of brochures in most of the Nordic languages on good on-board handling, publication of a video on the Nordic coastal sector and on-board handling, participation at various workshops and conferences relevant for Nordic coastal fisheries; as well as setting up and maintaining a web page www.coastalfisheries.net where project outcomes and other relevant material is made accessible. This report marks the end of the project and constitutes as the final report to NORA, which was one of the funding bodies supporting the project. The project was primarily intended to facilitate networking and knowledge transfer among stakeholders in the Nordic coastal sector and it is the conclusion of the project partners that the initiative has successfully met those expectations.

Skoða skýrslu

Skýrslur

Coastal fisheries in the North Atlantic / Smábátaveiðar í N-Atlantshafi

Útgefið:

01/01/2015

Höfundar:

Jónas R. Viðarsson, Gunnar Þórðarson, Edgar Henriksen, Audun Iversen, Durita Djurhuus, Tønnes Berthelsen, Heather Manuel, Tom Brown, David Decker

Styrkt af:

NORA (510-080), Nordic Council (AG-fisk 80-2013), Canadian Centre for Fisheries Innovation (CCFI)

Tengiliður

Jónas Rúnar Viðarsson

Áherslusviðsstjóri

jonas@matis.is

Coastal fisheries in the North Atlantic / Smábátaveiðar í N-Atlantshafi

Coastal fisheries are an important part of the North Atlantic marine sector and a vital part of a successful regional development in the area. This report provides an overview of the coastal sectors in the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland, Norway and Newfoundland & Labrador, summarising the key issues that affect the sectors in each country and the contribution of the fleets towards their national economy and the micro- & macro societies. The report addresses how fisheries management in each country affects the coastal sectors, but there are strategies in place in all of the countries that favour the coastal fleet in one way or another. The report also provides an overview of the fleet structure, catch volumes, catch values, fishing gear, regional distribution of landings, employment and operational environment in the sectors of each country. In 2013 the N-Atlantic coastal fleet consisted of 17 thousand vessels and provided full time employment for 18 thousand fishermen. In addition there are a considerable number of fishermen that have coastal fisheries as secondary source of income or as a hobby and. The sector also produces a large number of jobs in processing and supporting industries. It can therefore be estimated that the N-Atlantic coastal fleet provides livelihood for at least 50 thousand families, which are primarily located in small fishing villages were the communities rely heavily on the sector for survival. Total landings of the N-Atlantic coastal sector in 2013 amounted to 680 thousand MT, valued at 815 million EUR. The report though clearly shows that the N-Atlantic coastal sector is highly fragmented, not only between countries but also within individual countries. The vessels range from being very modest old-style dinghies that fish few hundred kilos a year to industrialised state-of-art fishing vessels that catch up to two thousand tonnes of fish a year, which can be valued at over 4 million EUR. The N-Atlantic coastal sector is an important part of the Nordic marine sector and will continue to be so. The fleet has though been going through big changes in recent years, where the number of vessels and fishermen have been decreasing significantly. Big part of the fleet is struggling to make ends meet and recruitment of young fishermen is very limited. A relatively small part of the sector is though running profitable businesses and providing high paying jobs. This is the part of the fleet that accounts for majority of the catches and has invested in new vessels, gear, technology and quotas. It seems unavoidable that this optimisation will continue with the coastal fleet consisting of fewer, better equipped and more profitable vessels.

Veiðar smábáta og tengdar atvinnugreinar eru mikilvægur partur af sjávarútvegi og annarri haftengdri starfsemi í N-Atlantshafi. Greinin skiptir einnig mjög miklu máli fyrir byggðaþróun á svæðinu. Í þessari skýrslu er leitast við að gefa yfirlit yfir smábátaflotann í Færeyjum, Grænlandi, Íslandi, Noregi og Nýfundnalandi & Labrador (NL), þar sem tekinn eru saman helstu atriði sem hafa áhrif á greinina í hverju landi fyrir sig, þróun flotans á undanförnum árum og hvernig greinin hefur áhrif á þjóðarhag og nærsamfélög. Í skýrslunni er fjallað sérstaklega um hvernig fiskveiðistjórnun og ýmis önnur stjórnvaldsleg úrræði snerta smábátageirann. En í þeim löndum sem skýrslan nær til leitast yfirvöld við að styðja smábátaútgerð með ýmsum lögum og reglugerðum sem hygla smábátum á einn veg eða annan. Skýrslan veitir einnig yfirlit yfir stærð og samsetningu, afla og aflaverðmæti, veiðarfæri, landfræðilega dreifingu, atvinnusköpun og rekstrarskilyrði smábátaflotanna í áðurnefndum löndum. Árið 2013 samanstóð smábátaflotinn í N-Atlantshafi* af um 17 þúsund bátum og 18 þúsund sjómönnum í fullu starfi. Að auki var umtalsverður fjöldi manna sem höfðu smábátasjómennsku að hlutastarfi eða að tómstundariðju. Smábátaflotinn skapaði einnig mikinn fjölda starfa í landi við vinnslu afla og í ýmsum stoðgreinum. Áætla má að a.m.k. 50 þúsund fjölskyldurí N-Atlantshafi* hafi lífsviðurværi sitt af veiðum, vinnslu og þjónustu við smábátaflotann. Flest þessara starfa eru í sjávarsamfélögum sem treysta afkomu sína að mjög miklu leyti á smábátaflotann. Heildarafli smábátaflotans í N-Atlantshafi* á árinu 2013 var 680 þúsund tonn og var aflaverðmætið um 815 milljónir Evra (um 130 milljarðar ISK á verðlagi ársins), en hlutur Íslands í þessum tölum var um 13% af aflamagni og 16% af aflaverðmæti. Skýrsla þessi sýnir þó að smábátaflotinn í N-Atlantshafi er mjög fjölbreytilegur, bæði milli landa og innan landa þ.s. bátar geta verið allt frá því að vera gamaldags trillur á skaki sem veiða bara nokkur kíló á ári upp í fullkomnustu hraðfiskbáta sem veiða jafnvel allt að tvö þúsund tonnum af afla á ári. Smábátaflotinn í N-Atlantshafi gegnir mikilvægu hlutverki í sjávarútvegi á svæðinu og mun halda áfram að gera svo. Flotinn hefur hins vegar breyst töluvert á undanförnum árum, þar sem fjöldi báta og sjómanna hefur fækkað umtalsvert. Stór hluti flotans er rekinn með tapi og nýliðun í stétt smábátasjómanna er takmörkuð. Tiltölulega lítið hlutfall flotans er aftur á móti rekinn með góðum hagnaði og skapar vel borguð störf. Þessi hluti flotans stendur að baki meirihluta aflans og er einnig sá hluti sem hefur fjárfest í nýjum bátum, veiðarfærum, tækni og veiðiheimildum. Það virðist óhjákvæmilegt að þessi hagræðing haldi áfram innan smábátaflotans í N-Atlantshafi þ.e. að skipum fækki, en þau sem eftir verið séu stærri, betur tækjum búinn og skili eigendum og áhöfn meiri arði.

Skoða skýrslu
IS