Technological meat quality and sensory attributes of fresh and frozen lamb meat were compared. Samples were collected from two abattoirs (one small-scale, one large-scale) that use different slaughter methods in terms of chilling regime and electrical stimulation. The fresh and frozen meat samples included products from both slaughter systems. Ten twin pairs of ram lambs were used in the study, with one of each twin slaughtered at each abattoir. Fresh meat was analysed after chilling and frozen meat was stored frozen for three months and analysed after thawing. The Musculus longissimus thoracis et lumborum was analysed for colour, cooking loss, sensory attributes, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and distribution of water and lipid within each meat sample. Meat samples analysed after frozen storage were darker, less red and more yellow than the fresh meat. Freezing and frozen storage increased fluid loss and WBSF compared with the fresh meat, due to protein denaturation. Frozen storage affected sensory attributes by increasing fatty odour, frying flavour, sour flavour, fatty flavour and liver flavour, and by reducing juicy texture and mushy texture.
Merki: Flavour
Beit á hvönn og bragð af lambakjöti / Grazing on Angelica archangelica and flavour of lamb meat
Áhrif beitar á hvönn á rokgjörn efni, fitusýrur, lykt og bragð af hituðu lambakjöti voru rannsökuð. 18 lömbum var skipt í þrjá jafna hópa. Einn var á hefðbundnum úthaga, annar var 3 vikur og þriðji 6 vikur fyrir slátrun á haga þar sem hvönn var ríkjandi. Lömbin voru 120-140 daga gömul við slátrun. Myndrænt próf, Quantitative Descripive Analysis (QDA) var notað til að lýsa skynrænum eiginleikum hitaðs hryggvöðva með yfirborðsfitu. Rokgjörn lyktarefni voru einangruð úr safnsýnum hryggvöðva með fitu úr öllum þremur hópunum og mæld á gasgreinimassagreini (GC-MS) til að fá massaróf efnanna og þannig bera kennsl á þau. Lyktargreining með gasgreini-sniffer (GC-O, gas chromatography olfactometry), sem byggist á því að lykta af efnum þegar þau koma af gasgreinisúlunni, var notuð til að bera kennsl á lyktarefni sem geta verið í mjög litlu magni en valdið einkennandi lykt. Fitusýrur voru mældar með gasgreini. Tölfræðiaðferðin ANOVA (GLM – General Linear Model) og Duncan`s próf voru notuð til að greina hvort tilraunahópar væru mismunandi með tilliti til skynmatsþátta og lyktarefna. Skynmatseinkenni tilraunahópa voru skoðuð með höfuðþáttagreiningu (Principal Component Analysis-PCA). Fjölbreytuaðhvarfsgreiningin partial least square regression (PLSR) var gerð. Módelið var með rokgjörn efni og fitusýrur sem stýribreytur (X-breytur) og tölfræðilega marktæka skynmatsþætti sem svarbreytur (Y-breytur). Mest af breytileikanum í skynmatsniðurstöðum var hægt að skýra út frá því hvort lömbin voru eða voru ekki á hvönn. Kjöt lamba sem bitu hvönn var með kryddlykt og kryddbragð sem tengdist háu magni αpinene, β-phellandrene and octanal og C18:1 and C18:2 fitusýra en kjöt lamba á hefðbundnum úthaga var með lambakjöts- og ullarlykt og almennt sterkari lykt og bragð sem tengdist 2-butanone, 3-methyl-3- buten-1-ol and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone og mettuðum fitusýrum. Tími beitar á hvönn skýrði aðeins 4,6% breytileikans. Niðurstöðurnar benda til að sérstakir terpenoidar þ.e. β-phellandrene and α-pinene séu einkennandi fyrir kjöt af lömbum sem hafa verið á hvönn. Niðurstöður verkefnisins benda sterklega til að beit á hvönn síðustu vikurnar fyrir slátrun breyti bragði lambakjöts. Rannsóknin staðfestir að hvannakjöt er einstakt. Þann eiginleika má þá nota við markaðssetningu á kjötinu.
The influence of finishing traditional grazing lambs on fields of Angelica archangelica on volatile compounds, fatty acids and odour and flavour of cooked meat was studied. 18 lambs were divided into 3 equal groups. One grazing on traditional grassland pasture, one grazing for 3 weeks and one grazing for 6 weeks on Angelica pasture. The lambs were slaughtered at the age of 120-140 days. Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) was used to describe the sensory attributes of cooked loins with subcutaneous fat. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography olfactometry (GC-O) were used to identify volatile compounds and describe their odours. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Analysis of variance was used to study the influence of treatments on sensory attributes. Relationship between sensory attributes, volatiles and fatty acids was studied using principal component analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR). Most part of the variation in sensory data (95.4%) was explained by the grazing or not grazing on Angelica. Meat of lambs that grazed on Angelica had spicy odour and flavour that correlated with high amount of α-pinene, β-phellandrene and octanal and C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids while the meat of the control lambs that continued to graze on pasture had lamb meat and wooly odours and generally stronger odour and taste that correlated with high amounts of 2-butanone, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone together with saturated fatty acids. Only small part of the variation (4.6%) was explained by how long the lambs grazed on Angelica. The results indicate that specific terpenoids, e.g. βphellandrene and α-pinene can be used as indicators of Angelica pasture. The results strongly indicate that grazing traditional grass pasture lambs on Angelica fields changes the flavour of the meat. The study confirms that the Angelica meat is unique and this can be used in the marketing of the meat.