Seaweed is a great source of biologically active metabolites which could prove interesting in cosmeceutical applications. In this study, seven Icelandic seaweed species (Ascophyllum nodosum, Alaria esculenta, Laminaria hyperborea, Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima, Palmaria palmata, and Schizymenia jonssonii) were screened for total polyphenol content, antioxidant properties, and inhibition of skin-degrading enzymes. Antioxidant assays included DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), reducing power, and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity). In most assays, A. nodosum extracts were the most active. A. nodosum extracts also showed the strongest inhibition of the skin-degrading enzymes elastase and collagenase at low concentrations, demonstrating its skin-protective qualities. To further investigate the activity, A. nodosum was subsequently extracted with solvents with increasing polarity into seven different extracts. Compared to other extracts, the extracts obtained by extraction with acetone and methanol showed the highest activity in all assays. Extracts obtained with room-temperature water and 85 °C water also demonstrated moderate to high activities. The outcomes of this study support the potential utilization of the brown seaweed A. nodosum as a source of natural ingredients in cosmeceuticals.
Merki: Antioxidant
Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidative properties of different chitosan products
Í þessari rannsókn voru kannaðir bakteríudrepandi og andoxunar‐ eiginleikar tólf mismunandi kítósanefna frá Primex ehf. Áhrif seigju/mólþunga (150‐360 KDa) og “deacetylation” stigs (A=77‐78%; B=83‐88%; C=96‐100%) á virkni efnanna voru metin. Áhrif sýrustigs (6 og 6.5) og hitastigs (7 og 17°C) á bakteríudrepandi virkni voru einnig skoðuð. Andoxunarvirkni var metin með fjórum aðferðum: oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferrous ion chelating ability, reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging ability. Breytileg andoxunarvirkni fannst hjá mismunandi kítósanefnum. A1 hafði mesta en í raun lítilsháttar afoxandi og bindandi eiginleika, á meðan B3 og B4 voru með hæstu ORAC gildin. Kítósanefni með 96‐100% “deacetylation” voru með mesta in vitro andoxunarvirkni, óháð þeirra mólþunga. Að sama skapi var bakteríudrepandi virkni kítósanefnanna breytileg meðal bakteríutegunda sem voru kannaðar, auk þess sem sýrustigs‐ og hitastigsáhrifin voru mismunandi. Samt sem áður fundust nokkur kítósanefni sem virkuðu vel á allar bakteríutegundir, t.d. A3‐B2‐B3‐C1.
This report evaluates twelve different types of chitosan products manufactured by Primex ehf and tested for their antibacterial and antioxidative properties in a suitable carrier solution. This study examined the effect of viscosity/molecular weight (150‐360 KDa) and degree of deacetylation (A=77‐78%; B=83‐88%; C=96‐100%) on the properties evaluated, as well as the influence of pH (6 and 6.5) and temperature (7 and 17°C) on the antibacterial activity of the chitosan products. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using four assays: oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferrous ion chelating ability, reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging ability. The different chitosan products had different antioxidative properties. A1 had both some reducing and chelating ability, while B3 and B4 had some oxygen radical absorbance capacity. The radical scavenging ability of high DDA (96‐100%) chitosan products was emphasized. Similarly, the antibacterial activity of the different chitosan solutions differed among the bacterial species evaluated as well as pH and temperature conditions. Nevertheless, some products demonstrated antibacterial activity towards all strains tested: mainly A3‐B2‐B3‐C1.
Skýrsla lokuð til 01.01.2014