Increasing protein demand has led to growing attention being given to the full utilization of proteins from side streams in industrial fish processing. In this study, proteins were recovered from three protein-rich side streams during Tra catfish (Pangasius hypophthalamus) processing (dark muscle; head-backbone; and abdominal cut-offs) by an optimized pH-shift process. Physicochemical characteristics of the resulting fish protein isolates (FPIs) were compared to industrial surimi from the same raw material batch. The pH had a significant influence on protein extraction, while extraction time and the ratio of the extraction solution to raw material had little effect on the protein and dry matter recoveries. Optimal protein extraction conditions were obtained at pH 12, a solvent to raw material ratio of 8, and an extraction duration of 150 min. The resulting FPI contained <10% of the fat and <15% of the ash of the raw material, while the FPI protein recovery was 83.0−88.9%, including a good amino acid profile. All FPIs had significantly higher protein content and lower lipid content than the surimi, indicating the high efficiency of using the pH-shift method to recover proteins from industrial Tra catfish side streams. The FPI made from abdominal cut-offs had high whiteness, increasing its potential for the development of a high-value product.
Merki: Protein isolate
Efnasamsetning og eiginleikar ufsa ísólats / Chemical composition and properties of saithe isolate
Iceprotein ehf framleiðir prótein úr hráum fiskefniviði með sýru- og basa meðhöndlun. Úr þessari vinnslu fást tvö lög: efra lagið er próteinísólat og neðra lagið er vökvafasi. Vökvafasinn inniheldur prótein sem hafa ekki verið nýtt hingað til en hafa möguleika sem innihaldsefni í matvæli og sem fæðubótarefni. Ufsaprótein hafa góða möguleika á að vera efniviður í heilsufæði ef þau eru meðhöndluð á réttan hátt. Þannig mætti auka verðmæti ufsa þar sem hann er ódýr og vannýtt fisktegund. Tilgangurinn með þessari tilraun var að kanna möguleika á nýtingu á neðra laginu frá sýru- og basa meðhöndlun úr ufsa. Þá voru borin kennsl á samsetningu og eiginleika þessa efniviðar og ályktað hverjir möguleikar þess eru sem efniviður í heilsufæði. Ufsi var sýru- og basa meðhöndlaður og neðra laginu safnað. Vökvafasi var örsíaður og próteinmassinn var þveginn. Framkvæmd var greining á efnasamsetningu hráefnis, rafdráttur (SDS-PAGE), frostþurrkun, athugun á sambandi leysanleika próteina og sýrustigs og mæling á ACE-hamlandi virkni. Niðurstöður sýna að efniviðurinn var um 95% vatn, 4% prótein, 0,16% fita og 0,5% steinefni. Próteinin voru óleysanleg í vatni, að mestum hluta myósín og aktín og mældust ekki með ACE-hamlandi virkni. Framtíðaráform eru að vatnsrjúfa próteinin með ensímtækni til þess að þau verði leysanleg og lífvirk. Einnig munu verða gerðar tilraunir með íblöndun andoxunarefna í efniviðinn fyrir og eftir ensímmeðhöndlun til að koma í veg fyrir oxun fitu sem annars rýrir bragðgæði.
Iceprotein ehf processes proteins from fish raw material with a pH-shift method. The pH-shift method results in two phases: the upper layer being the protein isolate and the lower layer a liquid phase containing insoluble proteins. These insoluble proteins have not been utilized so far but are potential food ingredients or nutritional supplements. If handled in the right manner, saithe proteins have good potential as ingredients in health foods. This way it would be possible to increase the commercial value of saithe which is an underutilized and inexpensive fish species. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the possibilities of utilizing the lower layer from saithe processed with the pH-shift method. The chemical composition and functional properties of the proteins in the lower layer were analyzed and their potential as health food ingredients explored. Saithe was processed with the pH-shift method and the lower layer was collected. The liquid phase was filtered and the protein mass was washed. The chemical composition was determined, the samples were subjected to electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), freeze-dried, the relationship between solubility of the protein and pH was investigated, and the ACE-inhibiting function was measured. The results demonstrated that the material was 95% water, 4% protein, 0.16% fat and 0.5% minerals. The proteins were insoluble in water and consisted mostly of myosin and actin and did not show ACE-inhibiting activity. The future plan is to hydrolyse the material using enzyme technology to make them soluble and bioactive. Experiments in which antioxidants are added to the material will also be performed before and after enzyme treatment to prevent lipid oxidation which can have a negative effect on the product.