Reports

Preliminary project for research on the genetic composition of Icelandic herring compared to other stocks in the Northeast Atlantic: Biological diversity and processing properties / A pilot study on the multidisciplinary approach for the genetic stock identification of herring in the Northeast Atlantic: Biodiversity, functional and chemical properties

Published:

01/10/2013

Authors:

Sigurlaug Skírnisdóttir, Guðbjörg Ólafsdóttir, Sarah Helyar, Christophe Pampoulie, Guðmundur J. Óskarsson, Ásbjörn Jónsson, Jan Arge Jacobsen, Aril Slotte, Hóraldur Joensen, Henrik Hauch Nielsen, Lísa Libungan, Sigurjón Arason, Sindri Sigurðsson, Sigríður Hjörleifsdóttir, Anna K. Daníelsdóttir

Supported by:

Fisheries Project Fund, AG ‐ Fisk, Faroese Fisheries Research Fund, Research Studies Fund, Student Innovation Fund

Contact

Guðbjörg Ólafsdóttir

Specialist

gudbjorg.olafsdottir@matis.is

Preliminary project for research on the genetic composition of Icelandic herring compared to other stocks in the Northeast Atlantic: Biological diversity and processing properties / A pilot study on the multidisciplinary approach for the genetic stock identification of herring in the Northeast Atlantic: Biodiversity, functional and chemical properties

The purpose of the project was to:

· Develop a genetic analysis set with 20-25 genetic markers to assess the genetic composition and stock structure of herring in the Northeast Atlantic

· Use genetic makeup, milling and other biological factors to differentiate strains

· Study the relationship between stock units and the processing properties of herring

Knowledge of herring stocks is of great importance for the sustainable utilization and management of herring fisheries. A key factor for sustainable fisheries management and quota allocation is to know what stock units are in the fishing areas and how large they are. In this project, approx. 4,500 samples collected from nine possible stock units in the Northeast Atlantic in the years 2008 - 2012 (off Iceland, Norway, the Faroe Islands and Scotland). This extensive and extensive sample collection will then be used in further research projects. The results of a genetic analysis with 24 genetic markers showed that local herring stocks in fjords in Norway were significantly different from all other stock units. However, no significant differences were found for the possible stem units. Other more sensitive methods, such as DNA monopoly analysis (SNPs), may be able to differentiate between the strains, but this research has already begun in a new follow-up project. The biological information collected in the project did not differentiate between possible stem units. Studies of the Icelandic summer spawning herring and the Norwegian-Icelandic spring spawning herring showed differences in body color, water and fat content as well as stage of puberty and weight. No results have been obtained from the mill analyzes, but they will be published in connection with a doctoral project at the University of Iceland.

The aim of the project was:

· To develop a genetic approach based on 20-25 microsatellite loci to study the genetic variation of herring stocks in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean

· To use genetic, biological and otolith characters as discriminating parameters for stock identification

· To analyze physicochemical characteristics of different herring stocks

Sustainable fisheries management and quota decisions made by authorities are based on knowledge on fish stock structures and their sizes. Herring is a highly migratory fish species, and therefore it is likely to show low genetic differences among stocks. The mixed stock herring fishery creates considerable problems for the industry and the management of the stocks. In this project more than 4,500 individuals were sampled from 9 putative herring stocks in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during the years 2008 and 2012. The sampling accomplished in the project is extensive and valuable for future research projects. The results of the genetic study based on 24 microsatellite genetic loci showed that the local Norwegian fjord stocks were significantly different from all other putative stocks. The other Northeast Atlantic herring stock units were not found to be significantly different. Power analyzes performed during this study revealed that sampling scheme, protocols and genetic design were sufficient to detect any level of genetic differentiation around 0.001. Therefore, a more sensitive type of genetic markers are needed for the problem addressed, such as SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) and that work has already started. Biological parameters alone did not have enough discriminating power for stock identification. The Icelandic summer ‐ spawning herring (ISSH) and the Norwegian spring ‐ spawning herring (NSSH) differed mainly in color and water / fat content. The herring from the two stocks were also found to be different in relation to maturity and weight. The methodology of otolith microstructure analyzes and their results will be published later in a PhD thesis at University of Iceland.

Report closed until 01.02.2015

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Reports

Fish anti-diabetic fish proteins

Published:

30/09/2013

Authors:

Patricia Hamaguchi, Hólmfríður Sveinsdóttir, Eva Kuttner

Supported by:

AVS research fund (R ‐ 12‐029‐11)

Fish anti-diabetic fish proteins

The purpose of this project was to screen for the bioactivity of peptides produced from three different fish species: cod (Gadus morhua), saithe (Pollachius virens) and char (Salvelinus alpinus). The proteins were hydrolyzed with four types of proteolytic enzymes, viz. Alcalase and Protamex from Novozyme and Protease M and Protease P from Amano enzyme, and their bioactivity studied. The peptides were also digested with digestive fluids containing digestive enzymes to examine whether digestion affected their bioactivity. The aim of the project was also to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of the peptides through chemical and cellular tests. The main results indicate that the peptides have a positive health effect, especially antioxidant activity and antihypertensive activity. At the same time, the antioxidant activity increased after digestion. It was difficult to measure the anti-diabetic effect of the peptides by cellular tests and it is necessary to develop this method better for further research on the anti-diabetic effect of bioactive substances. Overall, the project is an important part of acquiring knowledge of the composition and properties of fish peptides extracted from different raw materials with different enzymes. The methods that were set up will be used in the future to analyze and verify further bioactivity in products made from Icelandic seafood.

This AVS project was primarily aimed at screen for the peptide characteristics of three different fish species: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), saithe (Pollachius virens) and Artic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). The proteins were hydrolyzed using four different proteolytic enzymes: Alcalase and Protamex from Novozyme and Protease M and Protease P from Amano enzyme by measuring the bioactive properties of these peptides. Moreover, after analyzing the characteristics of these peptides, the goal was to apply simulated gastrointestinal digestion and compare the digested peptides to undigested peptides to see if there were increases in bioactivities. Finally, this project also focused on the anti ‐ diabetes properties by using in ‐ vitro chemical based assays and in ‐ vitro cellular based assays. In general, the project results indicate possible health benefits of the fish peptides, particularly good anti ‐ oxidant and anti ‐ hypertensive effects. Interestingly, there was an increase of antioxidant properties after applying simulated gastrointestinal digestion to the hydrolysates. However, cell ‐ based assays testing anti ‐ diabetes effects proved to be very challenging while chemical in ‐ vitro test did not show any anti ‐ diabetes properties of the fish hydrolysates. We suggest that more research efforts need to be directed towards the development of assays measuring anti ‐ diabetes effects.

Report closed until 01.10.2015

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News

Icelandic underwater drilling goes far and wide

The start-up company Hafbor in Siglufjörður has designed and built an underwater drilling machine that attaches to the seabed for various equipment. The project was funded by the Technology Development Fund and the NORA-Nordic Technology Development Fund in collaboration with Matís and more.

The machine option has already been used in Iceland and is on its way to projects abroad.

Hafbor ehf.

According to Ingvar Erlingsson, CEO of Hafbor, the machine was fully developed in Iceland and has already performed several projects in Iceland. A contract is being negotiated with a distributor in Sweden and the machine will go to the USA at the end of the month.

More information and a video with the news can be found here.

The above article first appeared on Morgunblaðið's website, www.mbl.is.

News

New technology for the Nordic fishing fleet: fishing gear and catch management

On the 1st and 2nd of October next. In collaboration with a number of domestic and foreign experts, Matís will hold a workshop entitled "New technology for the Nordic fishing fleet: fishing gear and catch management". The meeting takes place at Matís' headquarters in Reykjavík at Vínlandsleið 12. Participation is open to everyone and free of charge, but people are asked to register by sending an e-mail to jonas () matis.is.

Workshop on research and development on fishing gear and catch management

The aim of the meeting is to present the main innovations in the field of research and development related to fishing gear and catch management on board fishing vessels. The meeting is sponsored by the Nordic Council of Ministers through AG-fisk (Working group for fisheries co-operation), whose main goal is to promote co-operation in the fisheries sector among the Nordic countries.

At the meeting, nineteen experts from nine countries will present research and the main innovations in fishing gear development and technology related to catch management. The meeting is divided into four parts and at the end of each part there is project work and a panel discussion. The hope of the participants is that it will promote increased co-operation among professionals in the Nordic fisheries sector.

All information about the meeting can be found at www.fishinggearnetwork.net and the site will be used to share information about the main innovations regarding fishing gear and catch management following the meeting.

All further information provides Jónas R. Viðarsson at Matís, tel. 422 5107

News

Fish today!

Matís is launching a national campaign called Fishing day and is intended to make consumers more aware of the importance of fish consumption and fish-related products such as fish oil and other seafood. The aim of the campaign is to increase Icelanders' fish consumption, but the campaign is funded by the AVS fund.

Many are involved in this positive effort. There will be several 5-minute interludes on RÚV, where myths about seafood will be addressed and we will also prepare study material for primary and secondary schools on seafood handling, nutrition and cooking. The biggest factor, however, is in the form of an advertising campaign where the unique characteristics of each type of seafood are hammered out and consumers are encouraged to have fish in their food at least twice a week and of course to take fish oil.

The Fish Today campaign will formally begin this weekend and the opening ceremony will be held in Smáralind on Saturday 28 September between 12: 00-16: 00.

… And when the kids ask: "what's for dinner?", The answer is of course: "we are going to have Fish Day"!

News

Have you tasted the whey drink?

Rannís Science Week will take place in Háskólabíó on Friday 27 September. A selection of exciting research projects will be presented at the Science Week this year, as in recent years.

You will be offered a taste of the whey drink Íslandus, but the whey ice cream Íslandus, on which the drink is based, was chosen as the most environmentally friendly and promising innovation idea in Iceland in the food field in a student competition that was held recently. Mysuklakinn has a direct reference to Sölvi Helgason's life and Iceland 100% is natural and organic.

Elín Agla Briem and Sigríður Anna Ásgeirsdóttir, students in environmental and resource science at the University of Iceland, are the authors of Íslandus. The authors emphasized the improved utilization of products, the imaginative use of local raw materials and environmentally friendly production methods in the creation of the ice. Kjartan Þór Trauner, a student at the Iceland Academy of the Arts, was in charge of the product design.

Iceland was Iceland's contribution to the European EcoTrophelia 2012 competition, where ecological ideas from various European countries competed with each other.

Further information about Vísindavökan and Vísindakaffi, which will take place throughout the week, can be found on Rannís' website, http://www.rannis.is/visindavaka/visindavaka/

For further information Steinar B. Aðalbjörnsson, marketing director of Matís.

News

New video about Matís' operations in Akureyri

In Akureyri, Matís conducts research, development and innovation in collaboration with the University of Akureyri and other institutions and companies in the North, as well as elsewhere in the country.

Matís' operations are housed in the Research House at Borgir, where research facilities in the field of molecular science have been built up, but research is also carried out there in the fields of microbiology, chemical research, enzyme research, immunophysiology and food imaging.

During the development of Matís in Akureyri, emphasis has been placed on the involvement of students in research-related master's programs in extensive collaboration with domestic as well as foreign universities, research institutes and companies. In addition to most of the projects carried out at Matís in Akureyri, students in research-related postgraduate studies take a BSc degree in biotechnology or fisheries sciences.

At Matís' office in Akureyri, 2 specialists work in addition to a researcher and students in research-related postgraduate studies in projects carried out by Matís.

Matís' station manager in Akureyri is Rannveig Björnsdóttir, subject manager at Matís and associate professor at the University of Akureyri.

More information can be found here.

Matís' office in Akureyri

News

Matís with another course in Africa

In mid-August, Matís held a six-day course in Kenya on the production and quality of fish and fish products. The course was held at a government school in Kwale County, just south of the Indian Ocean city of Mombasa.

Thirty future coaches attended the course, which was funded by the United Nations Fisheries Academy and the World Bank. Participants were generally satisfied with the course and especially with a practical exercise where "Sigurjóns kofinn" was used to smoke fish. Participants had never tasted such a quality product before and it can be said that the food was served healthily.

In recent years, Matís has held courses in countries bordering Lake Victoria, with an emphasis on freshwater fish. The course in Kenya's Kwale County is therefore the first course in East Africa that deals specifically with sea fish. This is expected to continue in the near future.

For further information Margeir Gissurarson at Matís.

News

Results from preliminary research on mackerel stock genetics in Icelandic waters - not just European?

Preliminary results of research on mackerel stock genetics in Icelandic waters show that it can not be ruled out that a small proportion of it is of non-European origin. In the coming months, the results of a strong genetic analysis will determine whether and in what proportion the mackerel in this country will come from the west.

Recently, Kjartan Stefánsson at Fiskifréttir gave an interesting interview to Anna Kristín Daníelsdóttir, director of Safety, Environment and Genetics at Matís. The interview is here in its entirety, but it had previously appeared in Fiskifréttir.

Scientists from the Marine Research Institute, Matís and the University of Iceland, as well as Norwegian, Faroese, Greenlandic and Canadian scientists, began researching mackerel in the North Atlantic two years ago in collaboration with several companies. Among them are Huginn ehf, Síldarvinnslan hf, Vinnslustöðin hf. and Framherji aps. Funding from the Fisheries Project Fund launched the project in 2011, followed by funding from the Faroese Research Council and the Nordic NORA Fund. Rannís has also provided funding for the project. The project is called: "North Atlantic mackerel stock genetics - is the stock exclusively European?"

Dr. Anna Kristín Daníelsdóttir, division manager at Matís ohf., Is the project manager in the part of the research funded by the Fisheries Project Fund, while Christophe Pampoulie, genetics specialist at the Marine Research Institute, is the project manager in the NORA project.

Final results from the project are not available, but results from preliminary research have been presented to participants. Despite the fact that the mackerel that enters Icelandic jurisdiction is for the most part European, there are indications that it is to some extent of Canadian origin, according to Anna Kristín Daníelsdóttir in a conversation with Fiskifréttir. However, she noted that the ability of the method on which these results are based to distinguish between stocks in the western and eastern Atlantic was too weak to make unequivocal claims that Canadian mackerel is found in Icelandic waters and in what proportion.

Number of samples

A total of 1414 samples were genetically analyzed within this project. The reference database consisted of samples of spawning grounds from France, Ireland and Canada and the structure of these samples was examined. A total of 471 samples were collected in Icelandic waters in 2010 and 2011 and they were genetically analyzed with 15 selected genetic markers designed in the project. The Icelandic visions reflect the distribution of mackerel around the country. Using Roche sequencing technology (454 flx), 30 new so-called "microsatellite" genetic markers were designed. A peer-reviewed scientific article has been published describing the methodology and characteristics of these 30 genetic markers.

Three results

This study yielded three main results: 1) No significant genetic differences were found between the two European samples when examined with neutral microsatellite genetic markers. 2) Significant genetic differences were found between samples from Europe and Canada. Although transatlantic gene flow is restricted, the genetic difference is smaller (1.6%) than expected if the results are compared with other pelagic species such as herring. 3) The majority of mackerel caught in the Icelandic fishing zone is of European origin, as mentioned before, but it is possible that a small part is of Canadian origin. Mackerel of Canadian origin appear to be found throughout the waters around Iceland, which raises a number of questions that will also be addressed.
It should be emphasized that the statistical basis of this study is weak and further research is underway. The next steps in the research are to find more sensitive genetic markers that differentiate better between strains and thus apply the latest genetic analysis technology in developing selective differentiating genetic markers (eg SNP genetic markers).

Clear differences between mackerel in Canada and in Europe

Anna noted that there was a significant genetic difference between European mackerel in the west of Ireland and the Bay of Biscay on the one hand and mackerel with Canada on the other. However, this genetic difference would be smaller than for herring stocks that remain in the corresponding sea areas. This is probably explained by the mackerel's behavior and behavior, but the mackerel's distribution area is very extensive.

The status of the project

Anna was finally asked what the status of the project was. "We are currently working on further sample collection, statistical analysis and samples are being examined better with new genetic markers (SNPs). This will make it possible to obtain clearer and more reliable information on the genetics of mackerel in Icelandic jurisdiction. The first indications of this are expected this autumn.

The NORA co-operation project is now in its second year out of three. After a year, we believe that it will be possible to answer with more certainty whether and to what extent the proportion of mackerel in this country will come from the west. It takes two to three years to develop a methodology, collect samples and establish a partnership. We are also looking at this project as a basis for further research and that the results can be used in stock assessment, fisheries management and fishing in the future, "said Anna Kristín Daníelsdóttir.

For further information Anna Kristín Daníelsdóttir.

News

Value creation and innovation are the key to creating more and better jobs

Sveinn Margeirsson, along with other Matís employees, was recently interviewed by the Confederation of Icelandic Industries, More jobs - better jobs. In the paper, Sveinn states, among other things, that the opportunities in Iceland lie in utilizing clean nature to create healthy food with positive properties.

In the interview, Sveinn got to the heart of the matter when SA asked what is needed to create more and better
jobs? "Value creation is the key to that. Matís' goal is to increase the value of what the country and the tickets produce and apply knowledge to that end. "

Offensive in the fishing industry

Matís collaborates extensively with Icelandic fisheries companies. "We are on the floor with them and on board the ships. The companies perceive that we have knowledge that they can use and want to use ", says Sigurjón
Arason, chief engineer. "For example, it is possible to use slugs that have been thrown into the sea for a short time. If it comes ashore fresh enough, the organic matter that can be used in pharmaceuticals, fatty acids and fertilizers can be reduced. "

The interviews can be found here.

EN