Merki: Public health

Skýrslur

Niðurstöður sívirkrar vöktunar á óæskilegum efnum í sjávarfangi úr auðlindinni 2018

Útgefið:

26/02/2019

Höfundar:

Sophie Jensen, Natasa Desnica, Branka Borojevic, Svanhildur Hauksdóttir, Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir

Styrkt af:

Atvinnuvega- og nýsköpunarráðuneytið

Tengiliður

Sophie Jensen

Verkefnastjóri

sophie.jensen@matis.is

Niðurstöður sívirkrar vöktunar á óæskilegum efnum í sjávarfangi úr auðlindinni 2018

This report summarises the results obtained in 2018 for the screening of various undesirable substances in the edible part of Icelandic marine catches.

The main aim of this project is to gather data and evaluate the status of Icelandic seafood products in terms of undesirable substances and to utilise the data to estimate the exposure of consumers to these substances from Icelandic seafood and risks related to public health. The surveillance program began in 2003 and was carried out for ten consecutive years before it was interrupted. The project was revived in March 2017 to fill in gaps of knowledge regarding the level of undesirable substances in economically important marine catches for Icelandic export. Due to financial limitations the surveillance now only covers screening for undesirable substances in the edible portion of marine catches for human consumption and not feed or feed components. The limited financial resources have also required the analysis of PAHs, PBDEs and PFCs to be excluded from the surveillance, providing somewhat more limited information than in 2013. However, it is considered a long-term project where extension and revision is constantly necessary.

In general, the results obtained in 2018 were in agreement with previous results on undesirable substances in the edible part of marine catches obtained in the monitoring years 2003 to 2012 and 2017.

In this report from the surveillance programme, the maximum levels for dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs (Regulation No 1259/2011) were used to evaluate how Icelandic seafood products measure up to limits currently in effect.

The results show that in regard to the maximum levels set in the regulation, the edible parts of Icelandic seafood products contain negligible amounts of dioxins, dioxin like and non-dioxin-like PCBs. In fact, all samples of seafood analysed in 2018 were below EC maximum levels.

Furthermore, the concentration of ICES6-PCBs was found to be low in the edible part of the marine catches, compared to the maximum limits set by the EU (Commission Regulation 1259/2011).

The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals, e.g. cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in the edible part of marine catches were always well below the maximum limits set by the EU.

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Skýrslur

Niðurstöður sívirkrar vöktunar á óæskilegum efnum í sjávarfangi úr auðlindinni 2017 / Undesirable substances in seafood – results from the Icelandic marine monitoring activities in the year 2017

Útgefið:

17/01/2018

Höfundar:

Sophie Jensen, Natasa Desnica, Erna Óladóttir, Branka Borojevic, Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir

Styrkt af:

Atvinnuvega- og nýsköpunarráðuneytið / Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture

Tengiliður

Sophie Jensen

Verkefnastjóri

sophie.jensen@matis.is

Niðurstöður sívirkrar vöktunar á óæskilegum efnum í sjávarfangi úr auðlindinni 2017 / Undesirable substances in seafood – results from the Icelandic marine monitoring activities in the year 2017

Í þessari skýrslu eru teknar saman niðurstöður vöktunar á óæskilegum efnum í ætum hluta sjávarfangs 2017. Vöktunin hófst árið 2003 fyrir tilstuðlan þáverandi Sjávarútvegsráðuneytis, núverandi Atvinnuvega- og nýsköpunar-ráðneytisins, og sá Matís ohf. um að safna gögnum og útgáfu á skýrslum vegna þessarar kerfisbundnu vöktunar á tímabilinu 2003-2012. Undanfarin ár hefur skort fjármagn til að halda áfram vinnu við þetta vöktunarverkefni og því var gert hlé á þessari mikilvægu gagnasöfnun sem og útgáfu niðurstaðna á tímabilinu 2013- 2016. Verkefnið hófst aftur í mars 2017 en vegna fjárskorts nær það nú eingöngu yfir vöktun á óæskilegum efnum í ætum hluta sjávarfangs úr auðlindinni sem ætlað er til manneldis, en ekki fiskimjöl og lýsi fyrir fóður. Af sömu ástæðu voru ekki gerðar efnagreiningar á PAH, PBDE og PFC efnum í þetta sinn. Markmiðið með verkefninu er að sýna fram á stöðu íslenskra sjávarafurða m.t.t. öryggi og heilnæmis og nýta gögnin við gerð áhættumats á matvælum til að tryggja hagsmuni neytenda og lýðheilsu. Verkefnið byggir upp þekkingargrunn um magn óæskilegra efna í efnahagslega mikilvægum tegundum og sjávarafurðum, það er skilgreint sem langtímaverkefni þar sem eftirlit og endurskoðun er stöðugt nauðsynlegt. Almennt voru niðurstöðurnar sem fengust 2017 í samræmi við fyrri niðurstöður frá árunum 2003 til 2012. Niðurstöðurnar sýndu að íslenskar sjávarafurðir innihalda óverulegt magn þrávirkra lífrænna efna s.s. díoxín, PCB og varnarefni. Hámarksgildi ESB fyrir díoxín og díoxínlík PCB (DL-PCB) í matvælum og fóðri voru lækkuð 1. janúar 2012 (ESB reglugerð nr. 1259/2011) ásamt því að hámarksgildi voru í fyrsta sinn sett fyrir „ekki díoxínlík“ PCB (NDL-PCB). Nýju hámarksgildin eru notuð í þessari skýrslu til að meta hvernig íslenskar sjávarafurðir standast kröfur ESB. Niðurstöður ársins 2017 sýna að þrátt fyrir breytingu á hámarksgildum fyrir díoxín, DL-PCB og NDL-PCB eru öll sýni af sjávarafurðum til manneldis undir hámarksgildum ESB fyrir þrávirk lífræn efni og þungmálma. Þá reyndist styrkur svokallaðra ICES6-PCB efna vera lágur í ætum hluta fisks, miðað við ný hámarksgildi ESB. Sömuleiðis sýndu niðurstöðurnar að styrkur þungmálma, t.d. kadmíum (Cd), blý (Pb) og kvikasilfur (Hg) í íslenskum sjávarafurðum var alltaf undir hámarksgildum ESB.

This report summarises the results obtained in 2017 for the screening of various undesirable substances in the edible part of marine catches. The surveillance program began in 2003 and was carried out for ten consecutive years before it was interrupted. The project was revived in March 2017 to fill in gaps of knowledge regarding the level of undesirable substances in economically important marine catches for Icelandic export. Due to financial restrictions the surveillance now only covers screening for undesirable substances in the edible portion of marine catches for human consumption not feed or feed components. The limited financial resources also required that the analysis of PAHs, PBDEs and PFCs were excluded in the surveillance, and therefore this report provides somewhat more limited data than previously. However, it is considered to be a long-term project where extension and revision is constantly necessary. The main aim of this project is to gather data and evaluate the status of Icelandic seafood products in terms of undesirable substances and to utilise the data to estimate the exposure of consumers to these substances from Icelandic seafood and risks related to public health. Generally, the results obtained in 2017 are in agreement with previous results on undesirable substances in the edible part of marine catches obtained in the monitoring years 2003 to 2012. The results show that the edible parts of Icelandic seafood products contain negligible amounts of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as; dioxins, dioxin like PCBs and pesticides. As of January 1st 2012 Commission Regulation No 1259/2011, regarding maximum levels for dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs in foodstuff came into force. This amendment to the existing regulation (No 1881/2006) resulted in changes in maximum levels for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs for many food products due to changes in toxicological assessment of dioxins. Furthermore, maximum levels for non-dioxin-like PCBs have now been established in foodstuffs. In this report, we use these revised maximum levels for dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and nondioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs to evaluate how Icelandic seafood products measure up to limits currently in effect. The results obtained year 2017 reveal that all samples of seafood for human consumption were below EC maximum levels for POPs and heavy metals. Furthermore, the concentration of ICES6-PCBs was found to be low in the edible part of fish muscle, compared to the maximum limits set by the EU (Commission Regulation 1259/2011). The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals, e.g. cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in Icelandic seafood products was always well below the maximum limits set by EU.

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Skýrslur

Kvikasilfur og önnur óæskileg snefilefni í urriða úr Þingvallavatni / Mercury and other undesirable trace elements in brown trout (Salmo trutta trutta L.) from Lake Thingvallavatn

Útgefið:

01/12/2009

Höfundar:

Jóhannes Sturlaugsson, Hrönn Ólína Jörundsdóttir, Franklín Georgsson, Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir

Styrkt af:

Umhverfis‐ og orkusjóður Orkuveitu Reykjavíkur (UOOR), Matís ohf, Laxfiskar ehf

Kvikasilfur og önnur óæskileg snefilefni í urriða úr Þingvallavatni / Mercury and other undesirable trace elements in brown trout (Salmo trutta trutta L.) from Lake Thingvallavatn

Markmið verkefnisins var að afla upplýsinga um magn kvikasilfurs og annarra óæskilegra snefilefna í Þingvallaurriðum með hliðsjón af stærð þeirra og forsögu með manneldissjónarmið að leiðarljósi. Í því markmiði fólst ennfremur að þeim niðurstöðum skyldi komið á framfæri við almenning sem og hagsmunaaðila á Þingvallasvæðinu. Rannsóknin var unnin í samvinnu Matís og Laxfiska. Samtals voru rannsakaðir 43 urriðar á stærðarbilinu 23‐98 cm og 0,13‐14 kg. Urriðarnir sem rannsóknin tók til voru veiddir á árunum 2002‐2008. Fyrir nokkurn hluta þeirra lágu fyrir upplýsingar frá hefðbundnum merkingum. Auk þess voru tekin sýni af nokkrum fiskum sem höfðu forsögu sem var ítarlega skráð með mælitækjum m.t.t. atferlis þeirra og umhverfis. Niðurstöður þeirra athugana á atferlisvistfræði fiskanna sýndu að hluti þeirra sótti í að dvelja við heitar lindir sem renna í Þingvallavatn undan Nesjahrauninu. Líffræðilegir þættir fiskanna s.s. stærð, aldur, kyn, kynþroski   o.fl. voru skráðir fyrir hvern einstakling og sýni tekin af holdinu og snefilefni greind. Niðurstöður snefilefnagreininga á holdi fiskanna sýna að töluverðar líkur eru á að fiskar sem eru lengri en 60 cm, innihaldi kvikasilfur í meira magni en leyfilegt er samkvæmt íslenskum og evrópskum reglugerðum (0,5 mg/kg kvikasilfur). Samkvæmt tilmælum Matvælastofnunar (MAST), sem er opinber eftirlitsaðili með matvælum á Íslandi, er ekki leyfilegt að selja fisk sem inniheldur meira magn kvikasilfurs en 0,5 mg/kg.  Niðurstöður rannsóknarinnar sýndu að sterk fylgni var milli lengdar urriðans og magns kvikasilfurs í honum. Lífmögnun er líklegasta ástæðan fyrir háum styrk kvikasilfurs í urriðum úr Þingvallavatni sem verða venju fremur stórir og gamlir, þar sem styrkur kvikasilfurs eykst eftir því sem ofar dregur í fæðukeðjunni. Þingvallaurriðinn er efst í fæðukeðjunni þar sem hann étur mestan sinn aldur aðallega bleikju, fyrst og fremst   murtu afbrigðið. Æskilegt er að frekari rannsóknir fari fram á þessu sviði til að fá mynd af uppruna kvikasilfurs í Þingvallaurriðanum og feril uppsöfnunar þess.  

The aim of the project was to study the occurrence and quantity of mercury as well as other undesirable trace elements in brown trout from Lake Thingvallavatn in relation to the fish size and their life history. Public health was the main issue of this study. The aim was also to disseminate the results to the public and all stakeholders. The study was carried out in co‐operation of Matis and Salmon and Trout Research (Laxfiskar). In total, 3 brown trout individuals, 23‐98 cm long and weighing 0,13‐14 kg, were    examined. The trout were caught during the years 2002 to 2008. Information from conventional tagging studies were available for some of the individuals. For six fish additional detailed results from studies on their behavior and corresponding environment was available, due to use of electronic tags (data storage tags and ultrasonic tags). These studies on the behavioral ecology of the trout showed that some of the individuals preferred areas where hot spring water runs into Lake Thingvallavatn at the Nesjahraun area. Individual were measured and examined in order to get information on their size, condition and life history. Flesh samples were taken from the fish for trace element analyses. The results of the study show that there is a positive linear relationship between the mercury concentration and the fish length. These analytical results showed that there is significant probability that fish that is 60 cm in length or larger, can contain mercury in quantity that exceeds the maximum allowed limit according to Icelandic and European regulations (0,5 mg/kg mercury). According to the Icelandic Food and Veterinary Authority (MAST), food products containing mercury in higher concentration than 0,5 mg/kg should not be sold or distributed. Biomagnification is presumed to be  the cause for high concentration of mercury in the bigger and older brown trout from Lake Thingvallavatn as the results show that brown trout is a top predator in Lake Thingvallavatn and feeds mainly on charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.), especially the pelagic morph    murta. Further research is needed on the origin of mercury in brown trout in Lake Thingvallavatn and on the route of the corresponding biomagnifications in the food chain of the lake.

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