Flokkur: Skýrslur

Skýrslur

Colouring of Atlantic salmon with natural pigments

Útgefið:

26/11/2020

Höfundar:

Arnason, Jon; Sigurgeirsson, Olafur Ingi; Kristjansson, Gunnar Orn; Yttrestøl, Trine

Styrkt af:

AVS Research Fund

Different colourant and colourant inclusions in diets for Atlantic salmon and its effect on flesh colour was tested. Experimental diets of similar nutritional composition, but different colourant sources and inclusions were produced in commercial fish feed mill (Laxa ltd.). Panaferd-AX colourant was compared to standard colouring regime using Lucantin® Pink  (30/60/50mg/kg) as a control. Atlantic salmon were fed these diets in a growth trial in experimental tanks in saline water for 438 days.

The original plan was to test the colourant Aquasta® in addition but since its production was halted, it was only used in the first phase of the experiment. The continuing experiment compared Panaferd in different inclusion and Lucantin® Pink. Initially The recovery of the colorants in the experimental feed production was tested. Using Panaferd, the recovery of astaxanthin was only 76,9% after feed processing and extrution compared to 100+% recovery using Lucantin. Therefore the experimental diets were added plus 30% colourantsto ensure astaxanthin level according to feed analyses.

To adjust planned colourant consumption the feeding was mixed with unpigmented basal diet. The growth, feed intake and feed conversion were similar between groups, and no mortalities were related to treatments during the experimental period.

The flesh colour was measured by DSM Salmofan®, Konica Minolta CR-400 Chroma Meter and by chemical analyses of astaxanthin and sum of carotenoids. Only small differences were found in visual filet pigmentation, measured by Salmofan and Konica Minolta Chromo Meter, between the different colouring regimes. The filet colour was considered acceptable in all treatment groups. The correlation between chemically analysed content of carotenoids, including astaxanthin, and visual colour score of the filets was poor.

In conclusion: all tested regimes and carotenoid content in the diets for Atlantic salmon resulted in acceptable fillet colour.

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Skýrslur

Effect of lipid and colorants in feed on growth and quality of Icelandic Arctic charr

Útgefið:

21/11/2020

Höfundar:

Sigurgeirsson, Olafur Ingi; Arnason, Jon; Kristjansson, Gunnar Orn

Styrkt af:

AVS Research Fund

This study mainly aimed at researching dietary effects on growth and important quality characteristics of Arctic charr, lipid composition and flesh color. The first object of this study was to investigate the effect of different lipid sources and lipid ratio in diets on growth and chemical composition in fillets. The second object was to investigate the effect of different colorant sources in diets and colorant feeding combinations on flesh color in fillets. Two long-term experimental trials (1= 250 days; 2=268 days) were run in saline water (approx. 12-18ppt) with initial weight of fish above 100+g in both trials. The water temperature was in the range of 6-9°C in the first but 8,5-10,5°C in the second trial.

1. Different dietary lipid ratio and lipid sources did not affect the fish growth, growth rate, feed consumption, FCR or harvesting output. The dietary lipid content and composition was reflected by lipid content in fillets. The fatty acid composition in the diets was reflected fatty acid composition of the fillets. The most important difference was in the content of the long chain n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio between groups fed fish oil or mix of plant oil sources. Lipid source or volume in diets only had minimal effects on other nutritional components analysed in fillets. The different dietary lipid sources and ratio was considered to have rather small effect on visual fillet color, although some existing variation related to analytical methods.

2. Analysis of carotenoids in the experimental diets showed difficulties in producing diets containing exact carotenoid content, according to plan and formulation, regardless of colorant types. The feed processing, lack of stability of the sensitive carotenoids or inaccurate content description of the colorant sources led to varying recovery of estimated concentration in the diets. Therefor the feeding and regimes needed to be adjusted by mixing daily ration with uncolored diets. Consumed colorants were calculated according to diet color content and consume. The growth rate, FCR and harvesting output was similar in all groups. The fish was grown to an average size of 1800g. Maturity ratio (indication of maturity) was in the range of 11-24% but mature fish were intentionally avoided in the estimates of fillet color and chemical composition. Minimal differences were detected in visual fillet color (Salmofan), but fillet color measured by Minolta Chromatography showed more relation in fillet color and consumed carotenoids in diets. Carotenoid analysis in fillets correlated to carotenoid consumption. Beneficial effects of increased carotenoid content in diets above 50 mg/kg were not detected in visually more reddish fillets.

The overall aim of this study was:

  • Estimate the effect of lipid content (energy) and lipid sources in diet on growth and feed efficiency of Arctic charr.
  • Estimate the effect of dietary fat sources on fat composition and flesh quality of Arctic charr.
  • Evaluation of economically feasible and efficient utilization of colorants in fish diets and interactions with fat content in diet and fish.
  • Decrease production cost in Arctic charr culture.
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Skýrslur

Hollefni í íslensku og innfluttu grænmeti

Útgefið:

11/06/2020

Höfundar:

Ólafur Reykdal, Brynja Einarsdóttir

Tengiliður

Ólafur Reykdal

Verkefnastjóri

olafur.reykdal@matis.is

Hollefni í íslensku og innfluttu grænmeti

Markmiðið með verkefninu var að leggja fram gögn um hollefni í íslensku grænmeti og bera þau saman við niðurstöður fyrir innflutt grænmeti. Með hollefnum er átt við vítamín og andoxunarefni.

Tekin voru sýni af 13 tegundum grænmetis, samtals 88 sýni. Gerðar voru mælingar á víta-mínunum A-vítamíni, E-vítamíni og fólati. Af andoxunarefnum voru mæld fjölfelól ásamt ORAC- og NPPH-andoxunarvirkni. Í sumum tilfellum var meira af vítamínum í íslensku grænmeti en innfluttu og má nefna sem dæmi A-vítamín og fólat í tómötum. Mikið fólat í blómkáli og rófum vekur athygli. Andoxunarvirkni kom fram fyrir allar grænmetistegundir. Talsverð andoxunarvirkni kom fram fyrir sveppi en í þeim voru A- og E-vítamín ekki mælanleg. Þetta sýnir að fleiri efni en þessi vítamín skipta máli fyrir andoxunarvirknina og má vera að einhver mikilvæg efni séu enn óþekkt. Jafnframt voru gerðar mælingar á trefjum, próteini og fitu. Þessar niðurstöður auðvelda næringargildismerkingar. 

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Skýrslur

Bestun á blæðingu laxfiska og áhrif þess á afurðagæði og umhverfi

Útgefið:

08/06/2020

Höfundar:

Gunnar Þórðarson, Hildur Inga Sveinsdóttir, Sigurjón Arason

Styrkt af:

Umhverfissjóður sjókvíaeldis (ANR18011143), Rannís

Tengiliður

Gunnar Þórðarson

Svæðisstjóri

gunnar.thordarson@matis.is

Bestun á blæðingu laxfiska og áhrif þess á afurðagæði og umhverfi

Mikil reynsla og þekking er í bestun á blæðingu á þorski, en blóðleifar í flökum eru álitin gæðavandamál; bæði hvað varðar útlit og eins valda blóðleifar þránun við geymslu. Eitt af markmiðum verkefnisins var að besta blæðingu laxfiska en ekki tókst að ljúka því þar sem framhaldsstyrkur fékkst ekki. 

Laxeldi er umhverfisvæn próteinframleiðsla og mikilvægt að lágmarka umhverfisáhrif framleiðslunnar. Eitt af markmiðum verkefnisins var að þróa búnað til að hreinsa vinnsluvatn áður en því er skilað út í náttúruna. Nýr búnaður hefur verið settur upp hjá Arnarlaxi, en fyrirtækið er samstarfsaðili verkefnisins.

Unnið var að frumathugunum til að þróa verðmæti til framtíðar úr efnum í vinnsluvatni og verður það verkefni framtíðar að klára þá vinnu.   

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Skýrslur

Roadmap for the value chain of cod, salmon and char

Útgefið:

05/06/2020

Höfundar:

Marvin Ingi Einarsson, Sigurjón Arason

Styrkt af:

The Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland

Roadmap for the value chain of cod, salmon and char

The objective of this work is to discuss Iceland’s fishing and fish farming industries and approach the challenges there are and report on what has been done to meet those challenges. The main focus of this work will be on creating roadmaps for the supply chain of cod and the supply chain of salmon and arctic char and identify the obstacles these industries have faced. From fishing/farming to the consumer. This roadmap will show how and where increased value can be made using real examples from Iceland, shed light on critical factors affecting the quality and highlight the obstacles hindering further growth and development.

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Skýrslur

Fish oils as a part of wood varnish and protection

Útgefið:

25/05/2020

Höfundar:

Ásbjörn Jónsson, Tryggvi Pétursson

Styrkt af:

AVS rannsóknasjóður í sjávarútvegi (R17 002-1)

Fiskolíur sem hluti af viðarvörn / Fish oils as a part of wood varnish and protection.

Fiskolíur voru notaðar sem viðarvörn fyrr á öldum og reyndust vel. Þekking á fiskolíum sem hluta af viðarvörn hefur hins vegar mikið til glatast. En með auknum áhuga almennings á afturhvarfi til eldri tíma og hráefna, sem og í tengslum við betri þekkingu á gömlum aðferðum, skapast lag til að nýta til verulega aukinna verðmæta, fiskolíur sem nú falla í „úrgangsflokk“ seljast á hrakvirði. Til að svo megi verða þarf hins vegar að leysa ýmis framleiðslu- og vöruþróunarvandamál. Með það í huga var stofnað til verkefnisins „Fiskolíur sem hluti af viðarvörn“ sem styrkt var af AVS sjóðnum. Markmið verkefnisins var að þróa afurð úr fiskolíum til notkunar sem hluta af viðarvörn, ásamt því að ákvarða framleiðsluferla til að breyta óhreinu hrálýsi í verðmæta viðarolíu.

Niðurstöður verkefnisins leiddu í ljós að fiskolíur og olíur úr uppsjávarfiski henta vel sem viðarvörn, en sterín er hins vegar ekki hægt að nota þar sem það fellur út við herbergishita og blandast ekki öðrum hráefnum. Heimsmarkaður fyrir viðarvarnir var áætlaður um 200 milljarðar kr. árið 2016 (1.530 milljónir USD) og því ljóst að umtalsverð tækifæri geta verið í að nýta fiskolíur sem hluta af viðarvörn.

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Skýrslur

Þróun geitfjárafurða – Matvæli

Útgefið:

06/05/2020

Höfundar:

Ólafur Reykdal, Óli Þór Hilmarsson

Styrkt af:

Framleiðnisjóður landbúnaðarins

Tengiliður

Ólafur Reykdal

Verkefnastjóri

olafur.reykdal@matis.is

Þróun geitfjárafurða – Matvæli

Í verkefninu voru geitfjárbændur aðstoðaðir við þróun á nýjum matvörum úr geitahráefnum. Vöruþróunarátakið var kynnt meðal geitfjárbænda í samstarfi við Geitfjárræktarfélag Íslands. Geitfjár-bændur gátu sótt um þátttöku en starfsmenn Matís völdu 5 bændur til að halda áfram. Starfsmenn Matís veittu aðstoð við leyfismál, gerð gæðahandbóka og allt vöruþróunarferlið. Gengið var úr skugga um öryggi afurðanna með örverugreiningum og næringarefni voru mæld til að hægt væri að setja fram upplýsingar um næringargildi. 17 matvörur voru þróaðar í verkefninu, flestar úr geitakjöti, en einnig vörur úr lifur og hjörtum ásamt geitamjólkurskyri. Reiknað er með að verkefnið leiði til fjölgunar matvara úr geitahráefnum á markaði og það muni smám saman leiða til fjölgunar í geita-stofninum. 

Auk vöruþróunar voru gerðar mælingar á tegundum kaseina (ostefna) í geitamjólk. Kaseingerðin alfa-s1 greindist í umtals-verðum mæli og má af því draga þær ályktanir að íslensk geitamjólk henti vel til ostagerðar. Einnig voru gerðar mælingar á steinefnum í geitamjólk og snefilsteinefnum í kiðakjöti. Niðurstöður fyrir þessi næringarefni nýtast við kynningu á hollustu afurðanna.

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Skýrslur

Nýting og næringargildi íslensks alifuglakjöts

Útgefið:

23/03/2020

Höfundar:

Ólafur Reykdal, Óli Þór Hilmarsson

Styrkt af:

Framleiðnisjóður landbúnaðarins, Matfugl ehf, Reykjagarður hf, Ísfugl ehf

Tengiliður

Ólafur Reykdal

Verkefnastjóri

olafur.reykdal@matis.is

Nýting og næringargildi íslensks alifuglakjöts

Markmið verkefnisins var að bæta upplýsingar um nýtingu og næringargildi kjúklinga og kalkúna sem framleiddir eru á Íslandi og styrkja þannig stöðu búgreinarinnar í samkeppni við innflutning. Með nákvæmnisúrbeiningu voru fundin hlutföll einstakra kjúklinga- og kalkúnahluta. Efnamælingar voru gerðar á þeim þáttum sem þarf fyrir næringargildismerkingar. Að auki voru gerðar mælingar á steinefnum og vítamínum í völdum kjúklingahlutum. Í ljós kom að íslenskir kjúklingar eru nú fituminni, með minna af mettuðum fitusýrum og orkuminni en áður var samkvæmt samanburði við gömul gildi í ÍSGEM gagnagrunninum. Styrkur nokkurra steinefna og vítamína í kjúklingakjöti var það hár að hægt er að bæta þeim í næringargildismerkingu. Niðurstöður fyrir næringarefni nýtast við uppfærslu ÍSGEM gagnagrunnsins og upplýsingar um nýtingu verða hluti af Kjötbókinni og nýtast kjötiðnaði og kjötkaupendum.  

The purpose was to obtain new data for dissection yields and nutrient value of Icelandic chicken and turkey and by this strengthen the position of the poultry production in Iceland. Detailed dissection yields were determined for several chicken and turkey parts. Nutrients were analysed for nutrient declarations. Additionally, minerals and vitamins were analysed in selected products. Fat, saturated fat and energy in chicken meat were lower than reported earlier. The concentrations of some of the minerals and vitamins were high enough to allow nutrient declaration. The nutrient data are made available in the ISGEM database. The dissection yield data will be available in the Icelandic Meat Book and will be important for the meat industry and meat buyers. 

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Skýrslur

Quality optimization of frozen redfish products

Útgefið:

21/02/2020

Höfundar:

Ásbjörn Jónsson, Cecile Dargentolle, Huong Thi Thu Dang, Magnea Karlsdóttir, María Guðjónsdóttir, Sigurjón Arason

Styrkt af:

AVS R&D Fund (R 029-15)

Tengiliður

Sigurjón Arason

Yfirverkfræðingur

sigurjon.arason@matis.is

Hámörkun gæða frosinna karfaafurða / Quality optimization of frozen redfish products

The aim of the study was twofold. Firstly, to explore the influence of time and temperature during frozen storage on lipid deterioration of red fish. That was done by comparing the effect of temperature fluctuation and abuse during frozen storage, as can be expected during transportation, on the physicochemical characteristics and lipid stability of redfish fillets. Secondly, to investigate the effect of 4 days postcatch and 9 days postcatch, and seasonal variation on the quality and storage stability of frozen red fish.

Storage temperature and storage time affected the physical- and chemical properties in redfish, e.g free fatty acids, TBARS and TVB-N. Season of capture affected both the nutritional value and stability of golden redfish. The light muscle of fish caught in November was richer in EPA and DHA than in the fish caught in June. The fish caught in November was also more unstable through frozen storage, due to a more unsaturated nature of the fatty acids present, indicating that special care needs to be applied during handling and treatment of golden redfish caught at this time. The light muscle had a higher nutritional value than the dark muscle and is a good nutritional source for human consumption. However, the dark muscle was prone to lipid oxidation which may have a negative influence on the more valuable light muscle. So there seems to be need to separate them.

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Skýrslur

Undesirable substances in seafood – results from the Icelandic marine monitoring activities in the year 2019

Útgefið:

31/01/2020

Höfundar:

Sophie Jensen, Natasa Desnica, Branka Borojevic, Svanhildur Hauksdóttir, Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir

Styrkt af:

Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture, Iceland

Tengiliður

Sophie Jensen

Verkefnastjóri

sophie.jensen@matis.is

Niðurstöður sívirkrar vöktunar á óæskilegum efnum í sjávarfangi úr auðlindinni 2019 / Undesirable substances in seafood – results from the Icelandic marine monitoring activities in the year 2019

This report summarises the results obtained in 2019 for the screening of various undesirable substances in the edible part of Icelandic marine catches.

The main aim of this project is to gather data and evaluate the status of Icelandic seafood products in terms of undesirable substances and to utilise the data to estimate the exposure of consumers to these substances from Icelandic seafood and risks related to public health. The surveillance programme began in 2003 and was carried out for ten consecutive years before it was interrupted. The project was revived in March 2017 to fill in gaps of knowledge regarding the level of undesirable substances in economically important marine catches for Icelandic export. Due to financial limitations the surveillance now only covers screening for undesirable substances in the edible portion of marine catches for human consumption and not feed or feed components. The limited financial resources have also required the analysis of PAHs, PBDEs and PFCs to be excluded from the surveillance, providing somewhat more limited information than in 2013. However, it is considered a long-term project where extension and revision is constantly necessary. 

In general, the results obtained in 2019 were in agreement with previous results on undesirable substances in the edible part of marine catches obtained in the monitoring years 2003 to 2012 and 2017 & 2018.

In this report from the surveillance programme, the maximum levels for dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs (Regulation No 1259/2011) were used to evaluate how Icelandic seafood products measure up to limits currently in effect.

The results show that in regard to the maximum levels set in the regulation, the edible parts of Icelandic seafood products contain negligible amounts of dioxins, dioxin like and non-dioxin-like PCBs. In fact, all samples of seafood analysed in 2019 were below EC maximum levels.

Furthermore, the concentration of ICES6-PCBs was found to be low in the edible part of the marine catches, compared to the maximum limits set by the EU (Commission Regulation 1259/2011).

The results also revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals, e.g. cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in the edible part of marine catches were in all samples, except one, well below the maximum limits set by the EU.

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