Reports

Extraction of hydrolases from Gadus morhua / Natural enzymes from slag work

Published:

01/02/2013

Authors:

Eva María Ingvadóttir (student), Sean M. Scully (student), Jónína Jóhannsdóttir, Rannveig Björnsdóttir, Ásbjörn Jónsson

Supported by:

AVS Fisheries Research Fund (V 11 011‐11)

Extraction of hydrolases from Gadus morhua / Natural enzymes from slag work

The aim of the project was to extract enzymes from catfish slag for use in releasing membranes and ringworms from the liver for canning. Extensive experiments were performed using different extraction buffers and the effect of salinity, acidity, temperature and time on the activity of four enzymes. The effect of cod liver enzyme mixture on the release of ringworm and liver from the liver was also studied compared to the use of Alcalasa 2.4G used in conventional processing. The results of the project indicate that extraction methods have a broad effect on the activity of enzymes, in addition to which different enzyme activity was obtained from individual organs compared to their mixtures. The activity of the tryps was measured rather high but seemed to be controlled by the salinity of the extract solutions and the temperature. The activity of trypsin appeared to be generally comparable to the results of previous studies on trypsin activity in fish stocks. The activity of pepsin was generally very low, indicating that it is not economical to process pepsin from cod fillets, at least not under the conditions tested. It is not considered convenient to co-treat trypsin, collagenase or elastase from slag as the maximum activity of the enzymes requires different extraction conditions. The results of the project as a whole indicate that enzymes can be isolated from cod stocks in a cost-effective way using methods that only require simple equipment and cheap solutions. The results of the experiments also show that these enzymes can be used to release ringworms from the liver for canning with similar results to the methods used today. However, it is not clear whether their use is beneficial for liver processing companies as it would be necessary to change the processing process in order to achieve maximum enzyme activity.

The aim of this project was to investigate and optimize methods for the extraction of proteases from the digestive tract of cod (Gadus morhua) in order to bring about membrane dissociation of cod liver prior to canning. Homogenized viscera were extracted using various salt solutions, buffers and pH adjusted solutions at different temperatures and time. The protein concentration and activities of trypsin, pepsin, collagenase, and elastase were analyzed. Selected extraction solutions where then used for the removal of liver membranes compared to traditional treatment with Alcalase 2.4G. The results indicate that enzyme activity is influenced by the extraction methods and different enzyme activity was furthermore obtained from different organs and their combinations. Trypsin activity seems to be governed by the salt concentration of the extract solutions and temperature. The trypsin activity was relatively high and comparable with those obtained from other experiments. Next steps may include further optimization of extraction depending on the target enzyme (s), whereas the optimum conditions for the extraction of trypsin seem to differ from that of collagenase. The results indicate that the extraction of marine proteases, with the exception of pepsin, from North Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is potentially feasible using materials generally recognized as safe (GRAS) such as dilute, aqueous sodium chloride solutions with relatively simple equipment. The marine proteases did remove worms from the liver to a certain extent but no clear trend was observed when comparing membranes of enzyme treated livers and controls under the experimental conditions of this study.

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Reports

Bleeding system for small vessels

Published:

01/02/2013

Authors:

Sigurjón Arason, Gunnar Þórðarson, Magnea Karlsdóttir, Albert Högnason, Guðbjartur Flosason

Supported by:

Westfjords Growth Agreement, AVS / V12008 / 12

Contact

Sigurjón Arason

Chief Engineer

sigurjon.arason@matis.is

Bleeding system for small vessels

Extensive research has been carried out on the quality of cod bleeding, all of which indicate that proper handling has a significant effect on product quality. Studies have shown that poorly blooded fish produce worse products, whether it is fish that is processed into fresh, frozen, salted or dried products4. With the increasing influx of smaller boats engaged in longline and handline fishing, there has been a problem with bleeding, as many of them are not equipped with bleeding tanks. Matís' research indicates that fish that are allowed to bleed long enough in high seas, at natural sea temperatures, immediately after bleeding, produce better raw materials than with traditional treatment. A traditional method on board small boats is to bleed the fish directly from the line into the sludge tank on the train. Matís, 3X Technology and Fiskvinnslan Íslandssaga have completed the project "Processing processes of small boats" where conditions on board small boats were examined with a view to designing equipment that was suitable for smaller line boats. The design of the equipment (Rotex bleeding tank FIFO) has been completed and construction has begun at 3X Technology. The aim of this project is to investigate the efficacy of the Rotex method in cod bleeding through an objective study. This work is done in collaboration with 3X Technology, Matís and Jakob Valgeir ehf in Bolungarvík. Samples of cod were taken in two oars of a day rowing boat using different bleeding and finishing methods. Samples were filleted and some of the fillets were then sent fresh to Matís on Vínlandsleið, where different methods were used to assess the quality of the raw materials. The other part was done in the traditional way, ie. production of lightly salted, frozen fillets, and then used to obtain the effect of different bleeding methods on the quality of products during storage in the freezer, for different lengths of time and at different temperatures. The results of the project will support other research in this field better quality of catching small boats.

Extensive research has been conducted on the quality of bleeding process of cod on board but the correct treatment can have a significant effect on the final product quality. Studies have shown that insufficient bled fish will result in low value products, whether in the case of fresh, frozen or dried production. This problem is mainly related to fish caught by long ‐ line, especially on smaller vessels that are not equipped with necessary equipment for the bleeding process such as bleeding tanks. Researches indicate that bleeding of fish with sufficient flow of fresh seawater in the bleeding tank will result in higher quality products. The traditional bleeding method on board small vessels is to bleed the fish directly in to slush ice tub in the ship convoy. Matis, 3X Technology and Icelandic Saga have finished the research project “Processing in small vessels” where conditions on board the small vessels were examined with the aim to design equipment suitable for smaller long ‐ liners. The output of that project was the design of new equipment “Rotex” (bleeding tank FIFO). This was completed and a production was launched by 3X Technology. Samples of cod were collected in two fishing trips from a long liner landing daily, using different methods of bleeding and handling. Samples were filleted and parts of it were sent fresh for research at Matis in Vínlandsleid where different methods were tested considering different product quality and the other parts were prepared with traditional production of lightly salted fillet pieces. The fillets were frozen and used to test the effect of different bleeding methods on product quality after storage in the freezer, using different storing time and different temperatures. The aim of present project was to investigate the effect of the ROTEX bleeding process with an objective researches in collaboration with 3X Technology, Matis and the fish processor and boat owner, Jakob Valgeir Ltd. This project will support other researches in this area as well as to be an important input for disquisition about better quality of small boats catch.

Report closed until 01.08.2013

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News

Algae extract with defined antioxidant activity

Matís and the company Grímur kokkur have worked together on projects to enrich seafood with biomaterials such as algae concentrate with defined antioxidant activity, hydrolysates to increase protein content and fish oils to increase omega-3 fatty acids first in a project funded by the AVS Fund (R 041-10) from 2010 to 2012.

About a year ago, a two-year Nordic project funded by Nordic Innovation began. The Nordic project also includes companies that produce food additives, the start-up company Marinox, which produces algae powder, the company Norður with protein hydrolysates and the Norwegian company BioActiveFoods, which has recently launched tasteless omega-3 powders. The project also includes the research company VTT in Finland as well as a Finnish company that produces seafood.

The company Grímur kokkur, which is nationally known for its seafood products, recently moved its operations to new premises in Eyjar, which are completely furnished to the company's needs. Chef Gísli Gíslason has also started working in the family business and will promote continued product development and innovation. In the Nordic project, the product development of enriched seafood is in full swing and two master's students at the Faculty of Food and Nutrition at the University of Iceland in collaboration with the Nutrition Laboratory will work on their final projects within the project. High hopes are pinned on the results of this project, where innovation and food companies work together in connection with universities and knowledge companies.   

News on the Island.

Photo taken at a meeting yesterday Sigurður Gíslason and Grímur Gíslason from Grímur kokki, Emilía Martinsdóttir, Kolbrún Sveinsdóttir, Rósa Jónsdóttir and Valgerður Lilja Jónsdóttir master student.

Meeting in Matís

For further information Emilia Martinsdóttir at Matís.

News

HACCP courses

HACCP courses will be held at Matís on the 6th and 7th of February.

This is a detailed two-day course where, among other things, the main dangers in food and the first steps in setting up the HACCP system will be covered.

The course will be held at Matís' premises, Vínlandsleið 12, 6 and 7 February from 9:00 to 16:00 both days.

News

The South is the heart of vegetable production

At the end of 2012, a decision was made to hire a joint employee with the University Association of the South for the Matís food factory in Flúðir.

Haraldur Hallgrímsson, division manager of Innovation and Consumers, says this is a very important step in the development of the food factory and a sign of its increased value in innovation and the development of food processing in the South.

"The employee of the food factory will map and support the development of food-related studies in the area, gather information about the needs of the companies and work with them, as well as handle the projects that are directly related to the food factory. This fits in very well with the emphasis we have in the food factories and I appreciate that in the South there are very great opportunities for Matís to support progress in food processing. We at Flúðir are at the heart of vegetable production in Iceland and one of the things we are looking at is to utilize experience that we can transfer from the fishing industry to that sector, for example in terms of processing methods, cooling, distribution technology and so on.

I believe that vegetable production will grow in the South in the coming years and we also see opportunities for innovation related to both agriculture and fisheries in the area. The grain farm is an example of this and in this context one can point to the production of the farmers in Þorvaldseyri. Matís' food factory in the South has therefore started well in the first year of operation and we are taking steps to strengthen it even further, "says Haraldur.

For further information Haraldur Hallgrímsson.

News

Increase in jobs and a high level of education at Matís in Skagafjörður

Matís has an office in Skagafjörður. The so-called Biotechnology Center is located there and the bioactivity of the various substances from the Icelandic sea is studied there.

What is also interesting about the establishment is how high the level of education Matís employees have. Of the five employees who work there, three have a master's degree and two have a doctorate. With such knowledge, it is possible to carry out multifaceted and interesting activities that are important for the local environment and no less for the country as a whole.

Matís' activities at Líftæknismiðjan are multifaceted. First, Matís has set up a specialized laboratory in the field of biotechnology and biochemicals. Secondly, Matís operates a pilot plant in the processing hall of Líftæknismiðjan, where the company Iceprotein ehf. has built up its operations. Finally, Matís' staff at Líftæknismiðjan works with companies in Skagafjörður and NV-landi on various improvement and optimization projects.

With Líftæknismiðjan, research facilities have been created with associated processing facilities where scientists and pioneers in biotechnology can develop their products and processing processes in collaboration with Matís. The Biotechnology Center's laboratory is working on measuring the bioactive properties of biomaterials from Icelandic nature. The biotechnology center is open to all Icelanders, and individuals and companies can have facilities there for a shorter period of time for product production. The workshop will be a kind of hatchery for new start-up companies in biotechnology and important in shortening the process from idea to market. By choosing the location of Líftæknismiðjan, one looks at the local area, which is Skagafjörður's food pantry.

Targeted development of research facilities is taking place at Líftæknismiðja Matís, which is already a participant in extensive multinational collaboration. The biotechnology center is intended to contribute specialized research facilities, development facilities with production licenses and expertise in future collaborative projects. The processing hall of the Biotechnology Center includes facilities for protein isolation and drying. The biotechnology center is intended to work in close collaboration with food companies in the country.

A video of the establishment can be found here.

Matís' station manager in Sauðárkrókur is Arnljótur Bjarki Bergsson, division manager of Vinnsla, value added and fire.


Matís in Sauðárkrókur:

Háeyri 1, 550 Sauðárkrókur

Employees:

  • Arnljótur B. Bergsson, M.Sc., division manager, phone 422 5013
  • Hólmfríður Sveinsdóttir, PhD, specialist, phone 422 5064
  • Patricia Y. Hamaguchi PhD, Specialist, Phone 422 5041
  • Hilma Eiðsdóttir Bakken, M.Sc., researcher, phone 422 5064
  • Annabelle Vrac, M.Sc., researcher, phone 422 5064

News

Value creation is the key word - It is important that knowledge becomes a product and values

At Matís, emphasis is placed on utilization and market thinking in all projects and activities of the company, because the rapid dissemination and utilization of knowledge is no less important than the basic research itself when it comes to products on the market.

Matís has great opportunities to implement and market the results of research and development projects, which leads to increased value creation for the Icelandic industries and to prosperity for the public in Iceland.

Value creation is therefore a key word in all of Matís' work, whether it is in collaboration with parties in Iceland or abroad. Here you can see a few examples of projects that Matís has had a role to play and have already returned value to the parties involved in the projects, whether looking at Matís as a company, its employees, customers or owners, ie. of the Icelandic state.

News

Matís 2012 annual report has been published

Matís' annual report for the operating year 2012 has been published. The report places great emphasis on value creation and how the food and biotechnology industry can be the backbone of sustainable value creation for the Icelandic nation.

It is important that the knowledge becomes a product and a value
At Matís, emphasis is placed on utilization and market thinking in all projects and activities of the company, because the rapid dissemination and utilization of knowledge is no less important than the basic research itself when it comes to products on the market. There are great opportunities for Matís to implement and market the results of research and development projects, which will lead to increased value creation for the Icelandic industries and to prosperity for the public in Iceland.

Value creation is therefore a key word in all of Matís' work, whether it is in collaboration with parties in Iceland or abroad. The annual report shows just a few examples of projects where Matís has played a role and has already returned value to the parties involved in the projects, whether looking at Matís as a company, its employees, customers or owners, ie. the Icelandic state.

The report can be found here.

For further information Steinar B. Aðalbjörnsson, marketing director of Matís.

News

Great innovation opportunities in food processing

"In my opinion, the possibilities for innovation in food processing in Iceland are very large", says Haraldur Hallgrímsson, division manager at Matís.

"This is one of the big industries in Iceland and we are very good at producing first class food. When we look at the world picture for the future, it is clear that the increasing population calls for more and better food, and with increasing prosperity in the developing countries, the world price of food is rising. We Icelanders have all the means to take advantage of the opportunities that come with it, and Matís has a lot to contribute to that value creation," says Haraldur Hallgrímsson, who in 2012 assumed the position of Head of Innovation and Consumers.

Consumer expectations must be met
According to Haraldur, Matís' strength in service to the food industry is based on many things. Production and technical knowledge, consulting on product and raw material handling, transport technology, consulting on product development, packaging, marketing, assistance with financing innovation projects and much more.

"In this area, we work to support the market-driven value chain of the Icelandic food industry by always thinking first about the market, defining and researching consumer expectations and wishes. Then we go to the manufacturers and help them meet these expectations. It is the basis for a successful product that is popular in the market, "says Haraldur, whose field is the Matís division, which works most with pioneers in food production. Haraldur emphasizes, however, that the division's customers cover the entire flora, from the smallest to the largest.

"All projects and companies have been small in the beginning but have since grown. I am convinced that all over the country there are good innovation ideas in food production that can help get on the right track, develop for the right market and achieve good results. I mean not only production for the domestic market but also for the foreign market. We are far from becoming mass producers who compete on a price basis in anything other than fish, but we do not want to compete on the basis of low wages but on the basis of quality, high technology and strong marketing. As a result, we should look to serve higher-paying specialty markets. There are opportunities there, "says Haraldur.

Most successful to work with locals
The stage includes food factories in Höfn and Flúðir, but the food factory in Höfn has firmly established itself in recent years. Through the food factories, many innovative projects have become a reality related to small-scale production in agriculture, but emphasis will be placed on further strengthening work with entrepreneurs in the fisheries sector in the coming months. In the summer of 2012, Matís opened offices in Grundarfjörður and Patreksfjörður, which Haraldur says underline the company's policy of collaborating with local residents on projects based on regional resources and opportunities.

"Our experience is that it works best when we work together with local people on projects. They will then have more harmony in the local community and the results will be greater and more visible to the people in the areas. Our approach from Matís is to support entrepreneurs and companies in the areas to implement their ideas, "says Haraldur, but in Grundarfjörður the office is located in a building with the Snæfellingar upper secondary school. The aim of the establishment is to support projects based on the utilization of seafood from Breiðafjörður, for example biochemical processing from large algae and the utilization of underutilized raw materials such as fish slag.

With the location of Matís' office in Patreksfjörður, Haraldur says he intends to support the development of aquaculture in the southern Westfjords. "These new offices at Breiðafjörður work closely together. Like the locals, we look at the possibilities of the area as a whole, from Snæfellsnes to the southern part of the Westfjords, "says Haraldur.

News

Experiments with fish sludge as a soil fertilizer

Slaughter of catfish is no less a fertilizer than cow dung. This is shown by experiments that Matís made in collaboration with Atvinnuþróunarfélag Suðurlands, a fishing company in Þorlákshöfn and Sigurður Ágústsson, a farmer in Birtingarholt in Hrunamannahreppur.

Reportedly Ásbjörn Jónsson, project manager at Matís, experiments have been carried out by Landgræðsla ríkisins with the activity of fish manure as a soil fertilizer in comparison with various types of livestock manure such as horse manure, manure, chicken manure and synthetic fertilizers. According to Ásbjörn, tests carried out on areas without vegetation in Gunnarsholt in the spring of 2010 revealed that the fish log increased vegetation cover considerably compared to many types of organic fertilizer. Last summer, experiments were continued in collaboration with farmer Sigurður in Birtingarholt, but then cultivated fields were compared where on the one hand cow manure was used as fertilizer and on the other hand fish manure. After a two-month sprint, the hay obtained from the experimental fields was examined and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were compared, but these are the substances that are most important in organic fertilizers. The results showed that there was much more nitrogen content in hay obtained from plowed fields than from plots where manure was used as fertilizer. However, the phosphorus and potassium contents were similar in these fields.

Ásbjörn says that research on the utilization of fish catches has been carried out by Matís since 2010 and various experiments have been carried out which, among other things, aim to increase the shelf life of the catches, which annually generate around 2400 tonnes of fish catches in Þorlákshöfn. Until now, formic acid has mainly been used to increase the shelf life of fish fillets, but it is expensive and therefore people's eyes have been focused on whether it can be committed with skyrmys, but annually about 3 million liters of it fall at Mjólkurbúi flóamanna in Selfoss and is only part of it utilized. Experiments indicate that skyrmysa can be used to a large extent with formic acid for this purpose.

A similar collaboration has taken place between the Silfurstjörnan fish farm in Öxarfjörður, the University of Akureyri and Matís.

EN