Tag: Salted cod

Reports

SafeSalt: Quality control of bacalao salt / SafeSalt: Quality control of salted fish salt

Published:

01/09/2012

Authors:

Minh Van Nguyen, Sigurjón Arason, Hrönn Ólína Jörundsdóttir

Supported by:

AVS

Contact

Sigurjón Arason

Chief Engineer

sigurjon.arason@matis.is

SafeSalt: Quality control of bacalao salt / SafeSalt: Quality control of salted fish salt

The aim of the project was to develop a rapid analysis method to assess the quality of salt used in salted fish production. The aim of the project was to minimize yellowing in salted fish. Experiments with the use of cod liver oil as a substitute for evaluating the fat development of metals showed promising results and it is necessary to transfer the results for cod liver oil to cod fillets. The results indicate that iron has a greater effect on fat development than copper. Emulsion was measured in fat at up to 5 ppm iron concentration in salt. It is necessary to examine the effect of copper and iron on the oxidation of protein in fish.

The objective of the project was to develop rapid test method to evaluate the quality of salt used in the production of heavily salted cod. This is done in order to reduce the risk of yellow discoloration in salted cod. Experiments where cod liver oil was used as surrogate material showed promising results and the next step is to extrapolate these results to cod filets. The results indicate that iron has stronger oxidizing effects on lipids compared to copper. Oxidation of lipids was detected at 5 ppm iron concentration in salt. Future research should aim at investigating the effects of copper and iron on protein oxidation in fish.

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Reports

Production of salted fish in the Nordic countries. Variation in quality and characteristics of the salted products

Published:

01/12/2010

Authors:

Kristín Anna Þórarinsdóttir, Ingebrigt Bjørkevoll, Sigurjón Arason

Supported by:

NORA (Journal No. 510-036)

Contact

Sigurjón Arason

Chief Engineer

sigurjon.arason@matis.is

Production of salted fish in the Nordic countries. Variation in quality and characteristics of the salted products

The Nordic countries are the largest exporters of salted gadoid products, whereas countries in South ‐ Europe and Latin America are the biggest importers. In Norway, Iceland and Faroe Islands, cod is primarily used for the production. The characteristics of the salted fish, such as commercial quality and weight yield vary between the countries and between producers. These attributes are influenced by differences in catching methods, handling and salting methods. This report summarizes the variation in these procedures, and in addition, the market segmentation of salted products, from the different countries.

The majority of the world's salted fish production takes place within the Nordic countries, but the largest group of consumers is in Southern Europe and South America. Cod is the main raw material, but salted fish is also produced from other related species, such as saithe, ling, haddock and saithe. Properties of salted fish products, such as quality and utilization, vary between countries of production and producers. These variables depend on fishing methods, raw material handling and salting methods. The report is a summary of the variability in these factors between producing countries, as well as an assessment of their share in the salted fish markets.

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Reports

The role and fate of added phosphates in salted cod products / Role and fate of added phosphate in salted fish

Published:

01/07/2010

Authors:

Kristín Anna Þórarinsdóttir, Sigurjón Arason, Guðjón Þorkelsson

Supported by:

AGS, AVS

Contact

Sigurjón Arason

Chief Engineer

sigurjon.arason@matis.is

The role and fate of added phosphates in salted cod products / Role and fate of added phosphate in salted fish

The aim of the project was to evaluate the fate of added phosphate in salted fish. It is clear that its amount decreases with effect and dehydration. The same goes for phosphates that are naturally present in fish muscle. Therefore, the total amount of phosphate in dehydrated products is usually lower than in fresh fish. However, it has been shown that added phosphates (di- and triphosphates) are found in both processed and dehydrated fish. However, it depends on the amount of phosphate added to the product and the salting processes used, ie. whether phosphate was added to the fish by injection or brine. Little or nothing is detected in dehydrated products if brine is used. Differences between processes can be due to the method of salting (spraying / pickling), the type and initial amount of phosphate added and the duration of action. Further research is needed to evaluate the effect of different salting processes on the fate of phosphate in salted cod muscles.

The aim of this study was to investigate the fate of added phosphates in salted cod products. The content of both added phosphates and naturally occurring phosphates, decreases during salting and rehydration. The final content in rehydrated fish (approx. 1-2.5% NaCl) is usually below values in the raw fish. However, di- and triphosphates are present both in salted and rehydrated products. The amount depends on the quantity of added phosphates in the product and on the salting procedures applied. It seems that lower contents are present in brined products than in injected products. Differences may depend on the method used for adding phosphates (injection / brining), phosphate type and, initial content of added phosphates in the muscle after pre-salting and finally on the curing time. Further studies are needed to get accurate information on the effects of different salting procedures on the fate of phosphates in salted cod products.

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Reports

Measurements of trace metals in salt, salted fish and insoluble particles in diagnosis of the source of yellow discoloration in salted fish - carried out February to May 2009

Published:

01/08/2009

Authors:

Sigurjón Arason, Hrönn Ólína Jörundsdóttir, Einar Lárusson, Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir

Contact

Sigurjón Arason

Chief Engineer

sigurjon.arason@matis.is

Measurements of trace metals in salt, salted fish and insoluble particles in diagnosis of the source of yellow discoloration in salted fish - carried out February to May 2009

Recently, there has been an unusual amount of yellow in salted fish meat, which reduces the quality and value of the production. Salted fish producers have suffered significant financial losses as a result. Salted fish, brine and foreign salt particles were analyzed for iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) to identify the cause. vandans. The concentration of metal was higher in yellow spots of salted fish than in white flesh, and a considerably higher amount of metal was found in brine, which caused yellow compared to other brines. Large amounts of metals were found in salt dust, which means that the dust can affect the formation of yellow spots in salted fish.

Recently several cases of yellow discoloration in salted cod have appeared. This yellow discoloration / yellow spots decreases the quality and value of the product and causes a significant financial damage for the producers. Salted cod, brine and insoluble particles from the salt were analyzed for iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) to investigate the cause of the problem. Metal concentration was higher in yellow spots from the salted cod compared to the white flesh of the cod. The metal concentration was also higher in brine that caused yellow discoloration compared to other brine. Considerable amount of metals were detected in insoluble dust particles from salt indicating that it might be the cause for the yellow discoloration in salted cod.

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Reports

Process control for fishing, processing and processing of salted fish. Impact of raw material variables on the utilization and quality of salted fish

Published:

01/08/2007

Authors:

Lárus Þorvaldsson, Þóra Valsdóttir, Sigurjón Arason, Kristín Anna Þórarinsdóttir

Supported by:

AVS, Rannís Technology Development Fund

Contact

Þóra Valsdóttir

Project Manager

thora.valsdottir@matis.is

Process control for fishing, processing and processing of salted fish. Impact of raw material variables on the utilization and quality of salted fish

It was processed from data that has been collected at Vísi hf. and Þorbirni hf and the relationship between utilization and quality with fishing areas, fishing time, fishing vessel, cooling on board and changes in the process of action evaluated. It was found that fishing area had a significant effect on processing efficiency, but the difference between efficiency and quality according to fishing areas was smaller. Fluctuations in efficiency and quality were found to be seasonal and there were also differences between years. Changes to on-board cooling, i.e. the use of liquid ice instead of flake ice on board was not found to have a significant effect in the aforementioned manner. On the other hand, changes in the mechanism of action, ie injection, both utilization and quality. The content of the report was part of the project "Process control of fishing, processing and processing of salted fish".

Analysis of data collected by the fisheries companies Vísir and Thorfish revealed the effects of fishing grounds, season, fishing vessels, chilling methods on board and salting procedure on yield and quality of salted products. Effects of fishing grounds on processing yield were significant but curing yield and quality were less influenced. Variation in curing yield and quality were seasonal and differences between years were observed. Changes in chilling methods on-board, ie use of liquid ice instead of flake ice did not affect yield and quality of salted products. On the other hand, changes in the salting procedure did, when injection was added as the initial step in the process.

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Reports

Process control for fishing, processing and processing of salted fish. Impact of post-catch cooling on utilization and quality (2)

Published:

01/07/2007

Authors:

Þóra Valsdóttir, Karl Rúnar Róbertsson, Egil Þorbergsson, Sigurjón Arason, Kristín Anna Þórarinsdóttir

Supported by:

AVS, Rannís Technology Development Fund

Contact

Þóra Valsdóttir

Project Manager

thora.valsdottir@matis.is

Process control for fishing, processing and processing of salted fish. Impact of post-catch cooling on utilization and quality (2)

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effect of different cooling methods on board a fishing vessel on the quality and utilization of salted fish in terms of whether the fish was filleted or flattened before processing. There has been different experience with the use of liquid ice, but there have been theories that it has a negative effect on quality and utilization. The use of liquid ice in the train was at least worse in terms of quality and utilization compared to flake ice, whether it was processed fillets or flat fish. Discharge was more pronounced in fillets than in flat fish, but it could not be linked to cooling methods on board.

The aim of the trial was to investigate the effects of different cooling methods onboard a fishing vessel on curing characteristics during heavy salting of cod. The fish was either splitted or filleted before salting. It has been claimed the use of liquid ice for cooling of raw material, may lead to lower yield and quality of the products. The results showed that products from fish stored in liquid ice from catch to processing were similar or better than from fish stored in flake ice. Gaping appeared to be more related to fillets than splitted fish, but this factor could not be linked to chilling methods used onboard.

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