There is considerable variation between countries how the species (Nephrops) is caught. Some countries rely largely on creeling (pot fishing) while bottom trawling is the common approach in other regions. Most common in Scandinavia is a combination of both systems, trawling in open sea and deep water, and pot fishing within fjords in shallow water. There are no considerable conflicts between the two groups.
There are pros and cons in both trap fishing and trawling for Nephrops. Both methods have some environmental impact, and both affect the Nephrops stock. Both methods need to respond to increased demands on awareness in environmental issues and sustainable fishing.
The effects of bottom trawling on potential habitat destruction were discussed. Recent developments in fishing gear technology were introduced and evaluation of future directions explored.
Common outcome from the meeting was a need for further research and lack of knowledge on stock assessment and biology. Another outcome was the need for all stakeholders to share information and increase cooperation in the future.
Participants agreed on the severity of the black market for Nephromas, and the damage it does for the value chain, and making stock assessment insignificant. Discharging is another important point regarding running an economic sustainable fishery.
Megin viðfangsefni verkefnisins BlueProject var verðmætasköpun úr vannýttu fisktegundinni „Sarrajão“ (Sarda Sarda), found off the coast of Portugal. However, this type of fish is not marketed today for human consumption as it has a considerable amount of bones and a thick skin that is difficult to remove. However, the nutritional value of sarrajão is quite high.
Matís' approach to the project was to support promoting interest and educating the next generation towards healthy and sustainable eating habits in Portugal. This was done by adapting the project and procedure description of Krakkar Kokka (e.Kids Cuisine), which is based on entertainers, and the philosophy that has previously been developed, tested and implemented in Icelandic primary schools (Krakkar Kokka: https://matis.is/matis_projects/krakkar-kokka/) to more general conditions than those found in Iceland, for example in terms of factors such as climate and cultivation possibilities. The material was published in English and Portuguese, and the concept of Krakka Kokka was implemented in Portuguese primary schools.
Project and procedure description Kids cook in English for schools, together with presentation material and instructions is available on Matís' website: https://matis.is/en/matis_projects/blueproject/. The project Blue Project (Bioeconomy, PeopLe, SUstainability, Health) was funded by EEA Grants/Iceland Liechtenstein Norway grants/Bluegrowth Programme. It was a two-year collaboration between Matís, GUIMARPEIXE – Comércio de Produtos Alimentares, SA, Portugal TINTEX Textiles, SA, Portugal UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO, Portugal INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO DE VIANA DO CASTELO, Portugal CÂMARA MUNICIPAL DE ESPOSENDE, Portugal AEP – Associação Empresarial de Portugal, CCI and Portugal VISUAL THINKING – Digital Organization, Lda, Portugal. _____
The BlueProject aim was to increase value creation, the sustainable growth of the blue economy, scientific research, and literacy in Blue Economy, based on the Marine Resources available on the North Atlantic Coast of Portugal. The focus was placed on the fish species „Sarrajão“ (Sarda Sarda), It is found by the Portuguese coast, but is not marketed today in Portugal for human consumption as it has considerable quantities of bones and a thick skin which is difficult to remove. However, its nutritional value is considerably high.
The main focus of Matis in the project is to contribute to the engagement, education and empowerment of the next generation towards healthy and sustainable food habits in Portugal. This was done by adjusting the Krakkar Kokka (e. Kids Cuisine) edutainment concept, previously developed, tested and implemented in Icelandic compulsory schools (Krakkar Kokka: https://matis.is/matis_projects/krakkar-kokka/) to more general situations compared to Iceland, eg regarding climate and agriculture. The edutainment material was published in English and Portuguese, and the Kids Cuisine concept implemented in Portuguese primary schools.
The Kids Cuisine Project and predecessor description, introduction slides and guidelines are accessible via Matís website: https://matis.is/en/matis_projects/blueproject/. The Blue Project (Bioeconomy, People, Sustainability, Health) was supported by EEA Grants/Iceland Liechtenstein Norway grants/Bluegrowth Programme. It was a two-year collaborative project between Matís, GUIMARPEIXE – Comércio de Produtos Alimentares, SA, Portugal TINTEX Textiles, SA, Portugal UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO, Portugal INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO DE VIANA DO CASTELO, Portugal CÂMARA MUNICIPAL DE ESPOSENDE, Portugal AEP – Associação Empresarial de Portugal, CCI and Portugal VISUAL THINKING – Digital Organization, Lda, Portugal.
Kolbrún Sveinsdóttir, Aðalheiður Ólafsdóttir, Þóra Valsdóttir, Eva Margrét Jónudóttir
Supported by:
AG Fisk (Arbejdsgruppen for Fiskerisamarbejdet), NORA
Contact
Kolbrún Sveinsdóttir
Project Manager
kolbrun.sveinsdottir@matis.is
To strengthen the position of saltfish, with its long tradition, history and connection to Nordic livelihoods, it is important to strengthen the entire value chain, from producers and retailers, to chefs and consumers. The aim of the project "Saltfish delicacies" is to develop new or improved ready-made dishes based on traditional saltfish, and 16 participants from Iceland, Norway and the Faroe Islands are involved. The group consists of experts in saltfish processing and quality, cooking, food production, media and the travel industry.
Following the project's workshop held in the fall of 2022, work continued with ideas for salted fish dishes and salted fish products in collaboration with Grím Kokk, Matís, Menntaskolin in Kópavogur, Icelandic salted fish producers, Klúbbs Matreiðslumestar and Íslandstofa, with the aim of promoting salted fish better with a focus on grocery stores.
Salted fish products and recipes for salted fish dishes were developed within the project and in collaboration with the Crown, the products were put on sale and recipes for salted fish dishes were published on the Crown's recipe page in March 2024. The results were then presented at the project's workshop in the Faroe Islands in May 2024. Both salted fish products and recipes were very positively received, and there are hopes that it will be possible to offer salted fish delicacies in Icelandic supermarkets permanently. It's an uphill battle, however, as the battle for grocery store shelf space is fierce, and it can be difficult for smaller producers to invest in finished salted fish in the quantities that have been available to them so far. It is necessary to increase flexibility and strengthen cooperation within the salted fish chain to pave the way for salted fish domestically, to revolutionize its image and reputation.
Great Lakes St. Lawrence Governors & Premiers (GSGP)
Contact
Cecile Dargentolle
Project Manager
cecile@matis.is
This report presents a comprehensive biotechnical analysis of fillets and byproducts (heads, bones/frames, and skin) from Cisco (Coregonus Artedi) harvested in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Conducted by Matís for the Conference of Great Lakes St. Lawrence Governors & Premiers (GSGP), the study aims to identify higher-value alternative uses for Cisco byproducts.
Key findings include:
Whole Body Mass Balance and Proximate Composition: Detailed analysis of fillets, heads, bones, and skin.
Amino Acid and Hydroxyproline Content: Evaluation of amino acid content in heads and hydroxyproline content in skins and scales, with scales showing remarkably high hydroxyproline at 2.45 g/100g protein.
Utilization Alternatives
Protein Isolate and Fish Oil from Heads: The heads showed significant amino acid content, making them suitable for protein isolate production and fish oil extraction.
Gelatine Production from Skins and Scales: High hydroxyproline levels indicate potential for high-quality gelatine production.
Protein Hydrolysates from Viscera and Roes: Although promising, these transformations require substantial investment and adequate raw material supply.
Conclusion and Recommendations This initial identification of utilization alternatives highlights the potential for value-added products from Cisco byproducts. Further analysis and feasibility studies are recommended to optimize and implement these alternatives.
Rósa Jónsdóttir, Hilma Eidsdóttir Bakken, Eva Kuttner & Hörður G. Kristinsson
Contact
Rósa Jónsdóttir
Research Group Leader
rosa.jonsdottir@matis.is
The aim of the project Natural skin protection from the sea, which was funded by the AVS funds, was to develop new skin products from Icelandic bubble seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus) which is an underutilized ingredient but extremely rich in antioxidants and protective substances. This report reviews the development history of skin products with bioactive ingredients from bubble seaweed. In addition, the development of processing methods for the isolation of bioactive substances and the bioactivity measurements that were carried out on them are discussed. Many different samples were produced with different extraction methods and the total amount of polyphenols (total polyphenol content, TPC) and their antioxidant activity were studied. Dermal cell tests were performed on supernatants from epidermal cells (Detroit 551), which are healthy skin cells, or on supernatants from fibroblasts (HT1080), which are cancer cells, to measure the activity of extracts from bubble seaweed. Among other things, measurements were made on the ability of seaweed extracts to inhibit metalloprotease 1 and the inhibition of PMN elastase production. Also on the production of collagen (human collagen type 1, HCT-1).
All the results for the measurement of the total amount of polyphenols and for the different antioxidant tests were combined and the extraction method that gave the highest amount of polyphenols and therefore the highest antioxidant activity was selected.
The main results of the skin cell tests showed that the seaweed extracts stimulate the production of collagen. Seaweed extract was applied to the skin cells (Detroit 551) in different concentrations and showed a huge increase (200-1000%) in the production of collagen (see picture). Measurements were made of metalloproteases 1, 2 and 9, which are known to degrade collagen. The highest concentration of seaweed extract (0.25 mg/mL) inhibited metalloprotease 1, but no specific inhibitory effect was measurable for metalloproteases 2 and 9. PMN elastase production was also inhibited at three different concentrations. These results suggest that the seaweed extract may have an anti-wrinkle effect by increasing collagen synthesis and inhibiting elastase.
Production of collagen (human collagen type 1), as a percentage of blank, in D551 skin cells treated with different concentrations of seaweed extract (0.0625 – 0.25 mg/ml).
The report also details the product development of skin care products with bioactive ingredients from seaweed, the consumer trials conducted along with product design, marketing and promotions. In Appendix I there is more information about the consumer research and in Appendix II there is a more detailed report on the product design prepared by the product designer. ___
The goal of the project Natural skin protection from the ocean, funded by the AVS research fund, was to develop new skincare products from Icelandic bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus), which is an underutilized raw material but extremely rich in antioxidants and protective compounds. This report outlines the development process of skincare products with bioactive ingredients derived from bladderwrack. Additionally, it discusses the development of processing methods for isolating bioactive compounds and the bioactivity measurements that were conducted on them. Various samples were produced using different extraction methods, and their total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity were analyzed.
Skin cell tests were performed on supernatants from skin cells (Detroit 551), which are healthy skin cells, or supernatants from fibroblast cells (HT1080), which are cancer cells, to measure the activity of extracts from bladderwrack. Measurements included the ability of bladderwrack extracts to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and the inhibition of PMN elastase production. Also, the production of collagen (human collagen type 1, HCT-1) was assessed.
All the results from the total polyphenol content measurements and the various antioxidant tests were compiled, and the extraction method that yielded the highest polyphenol content, and consequently the highest antioxidant activity, was selected.
The main results from the skin cell tests showed that the bladderwrack extracts stimulated collagen production. The extracts were applied to the skin cells (Detroit 551) at different concentrations and showed a significant increase (200-1000%) in collagen production (see figure). Measurements were done on metalloproteinase 1, 2 and 9 which are known to break down collagen. The highest concentration (0.25 mg/mL) inhibited matrix metalloproteinase 1, but no significant inhibition was observed for matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9. Additionally, PMN elastase production was inhibited at three different concentrations. These results suggest that the bladderwrack extract may have anti-wrinkle effects by increasing collagen production and inhibiting elastase.
Bubble seaweed extract (Fucus vesiculosus) has been extensively studied and the bioactive properties of the extract have been demonstrated in in vitro research on human skin cells. The aim of the study described in this report was to investigate the effect of a lotion containing bioactive substances from bubble seaweed on human skin. in vivo.
A double-blind intervention study was conducted, with two comparable groups of people between the ages of 40 and 60, who used either a lotion containing the bioactive seaweed extract or a cream containing all the same ingredients except the extract (control). The effects of the creams on skin properties were measured three times over a twelve week period. The first measurement was performed at the beginning (before the use of the cream started), then after six weeks of daily use (morning and evening) of the cream and at the end of the intervention after 12 weeks. The skin of the participants was measured with the Dermalab Series Clinique Combo from Cortex technology, which collected data on, among other things, skin elasticity, moisture and collagen strength.
Skin elasticity increased over time in both groups. The increase was more pronounced in the group that used the cream with bubble seaweed extract. Two parameters were measured by ultrasonic skin imaging: collagen concentration and skin thickness. Collagen concentrations did not increase in the participants' skin during the study, and no detectable differences were found in the participants' skin thickness over time. However, the skin was thicker in the group that used the cream with bubble seaweed extract than the control group in the third measurement. Moisture in the participants' skin increased between the first and second measurement, but decreased again slightly from the second to the third measurement. The results showed that the use of the creams increases the moisture in the skin, but other factors also have an effect, such as the humidity in the atmosphere. The skin moisture of the group using the bubble seaweed extract cream tended to be higher compared to the control group at the third measurement.
The conclusion of the study is that the lotion that contained the extract of bubble seaweed had a positive effect on the skin of the participants. However, the results were also positive in the group using the control cream, and often the difference between the two groups was not significant. In cases where the difference between the groups was significant, it was in favor of the bubble seaweed cream. ___
Fucus vesiculosus extract has been extensively studied, and has shown to possess remarkable bioactive properties on human skin cells in vitro. The aim of this work was to study the effects of skin cream containing the bioactive seaweed Fucus vesiculosus extract on human skin in vivo.
This was done via double blind intervention study, with two comparable groups of people in the age range 40 to 60, who used either a skin cream containing the bioactive seaweed extract, or a cream containing all the same ingredients aside from the extract (control) , or a placebo. The effects of the creams on skin parameters were measured three times over a period of twelve weeks. The skin of the participants was measured with a Dermalab Series Clinique Combo from Cortex technology, which gathered data about eg skin elasticity, hydration, and collagen intensity, at baseline, after six weeks and 12 weeks of daily use (mornings and evenings) of the cream.
Elasticity increased over time for both groups. The increase was more noticeable in the group using the cream with the Fucus vesiculosus extract. Two parameters were measured using ultrasonic skin imaging: collagen intensity and skin thickness. The collagen intensity did not increase in the skin of the participants during the study and no differences in thickness of the skin of the participants were seen over time. However, the skin was thicker for the group using the cream with the Fucus vesiculosus extract than the placebo group in the third measurement. The hydration increased in the skin of the participants from the first to the second measurement but decreased again slightly from the second to third measurement. It can be concluded that using the creams increases hydration in the skin but other factors have an impact too, such as the hydration level in the atmosphere. A trend was seen for more hydration in the group using the cream with the Fucus vesiculosus extract compared to the placebo group in the third measurement.
In conclusion, the skin cream containing the bioactive seaweed extract had a positive impact on the skin of the participants. However, the group using the placebo cream also experienced positive results, and often the differences between the two groups were not significant. When significant differences were observed, they favored the bioactive cream.
Birgir Örn Smárason, Anna Berg Samúelsdóttir, Gunnar Þórðarson and Margrét Geirsdóttir
Supported by:
Nordic Council of Ministers - Working Group for Fisheries (AG-Fisk)
Contact
Birgir Örn Smárason
Research Group Leader
birgir@matis.is
The Nordic countries are major players in fish farming, including salmon (Salmo salar). Many demanding environmental issues are related to this production and they are found in every step of the process. The main focus of this report has been on new feed ingredients and improved utilization of by-products. Both of these issues concern a large amount and it is of great importance for the business world as well as the sustainability and environmental impact of this important profession that they are handled in a better and more efficient way than the current methods. Future food security for our planet's population, in a sustainable manner in the long term, requires a revolution in the way we produce our food. There is an urgent need to maximize sustainable feed production. _____
The Nordic countries are big players in salmon aquaculture (Salmo salar). Many challenging environmental issues are related to this production, and they are to be found in every step of the process. The main focus in this report has been put on novel and alternative feed ingredients and sidestreams utilization. Both those issues involve vast volumes and it's of high importance for the economy as well as the sustainability and environmental impact of this important profession that they are tackled in a better and more efficient manner than current approaches. Future food security for our global population that does not compromise the long-term sustainability of our ecosystems requires a revolution in the way we produce our food and there is an urgent need to nutritionally optimize a sustainably produced feed ingredient for inclusion in aquafeeds.
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