Category: Reports

Reports

Process control for fishing, processing and processing of salted fish. Effects of different salting methods on the effect of cod fillets

Published:

01/07/2007

Authors:

María Guðjónsdóttir, Þóra Valsdóttir, Ása Þorkelsdóttir, Kolbrún Sveinsdóttir, Hannes Magnússon, Sigurjón Arason, Kristín A. Þórarinsdóttir

Supported by:

AVS, Rannís Technology Development Fund

Contact

Þóra Valsdóttir

Project Manager

thora.valsdottir@matis.is

Process control for fishing, processing and processing of salted fish. Effects of different salting methods on the effect of cod fillets

A comparison was made of the effects of different salting methods on the utilization, quality and other properties of salted cod fillets. One group was only pre-salted but other groups were pre-salted in different ways, ie. by brine salting, spraying and / or pickling. Injured fish had a higher utilization and came out better in quality assessment than uninjected fish. However, the results indicated that the odor and taste of action were higher in unsprayed fish. The effect of phosphate use and spraying on drying properties due to higher water and salt content in products was investigated. It was found that injected fish lost less weight during drying. For the aforementioned reasons, the water content turned out to be higher after drying than in unsprayed fish. The fillets of the dried products varied according to whether the chemical content was based on drying or weight loss on drying. Therefore, the criteria for new salting processes need to be revised and drying processes need to be adapted to the changed properties of salted products.

The effects of different salting processes on yield, quality and other characteristics of salted and cured products were evaluated. Various combinations of salting steps were tested, one group was only dry salted but other groups were first pickle salted, brine injected and / or brine salted. The injected products had higher yield and higher quality than other products. The results indicated that the curing odor and flavor were stronger in products that were not injected. The water and salt content was higher in injected fillets which is important with regard to continuing processes, like drying and rehydration. Measurements during and after drying showed that injection resulted in lower drying rate and higher water content of the fillets. Dried products have been rated in different classes with regard to water content and weight changes during drying. Due to changes in the salting process and drying properties of the salted fish, these reference values have to be reconsidered.

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Reports

Process control for fishing, processing and processing of salted fish. Impact of post-catch cooling on utilization and quality (2)

Published:

01/07/2007

Authors:

Þóra Valsdóttir, Karl Rúnar Róbertsson, Egil Þorbergsson, Sigurjón Arason, Kristín Anna Þórarinsdóttir

Supported by:

AVS, Rannís Technology Development Fund

Contact

Þóra Valsdóttir

Project Manager

thora.valsdottir@matis.is

Process control for fishing, processing and processing of salted fish. Impact of post-catch cooling on utilization and quality (2)

The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effect of different cooling methods on board a fishing vessel on the quality and utilization of salted fish in terms of whether the fish was filleted or flattened before processing. There has been different experience with the use of liquid ice, but there have been theories that it has a negative effect on quality and utilization. The use of liquid ice in the train was at least worse in terms of quality and utilization compared to flake ice, whether it was processed fillets or flat fish. Discharge was more pronounced in fillets than in flat fish, but it could not be linked to cooling methods on board.

The aim of the trial was to investigate the effects of different cooling methods onboard a fishing vessel on curing characteristics during heavy salting of cod. The fish was either splitted or filleted before salting. It has been claimed the use of liquid ice for cooling of raw material, may lead to lower yield and quality of the products. The results showed that products from fish stored in liquid ice from catch to processing were similar or better than from fish stored in flake ice. Gaping appeared to be more related to fillets than splitted fish, but this factor could not be linked to chilling methods used onboard.

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Reports

Process control for fishing, processing and processing of salted fish. Effects of different salting methods on the effect of flat fish

Published:

01/07/2007

Authors:

Kristín Anna Þórarinsdóttir, Þóra Valsdóttir, María Guðjónsdóttir, Sigurjón Arason

Supported by:

AVS, Rannís Technology Development Fund

Contact

Þóra Valsdóttir

Project Manager

thora.valsdottir@matis.is

Process control for fishing, processing and processing of salted fish. Effects of different salting methods on the effect of flat fish

Flat cod was processed according to different salting processes in order to assess the effect of pre-salting (injection, pickling and brine salting) and the composition of the injection brine (salt, phosphate, fish protein) on the action properties. Pre-salting improved efficiency and overall utilization at all stages, depending on efficacy, dehydration and drying. Brine was better than brine salting but had the most effect of spraying (followed by brine). All groups were post-salted after pre-salting. Products with added proteins came out best in the quality assessment, ie. higher percentage went in SPIG I than in other groups. Effects on microbial growth and degradation (TVN, TMA, TBA) were not significant. Efficacy characteristics assessed by sensory evaluation were similarly similar for all groups, regardless of the salting method.

Different pre-salting methods (injection, brine salting, pickle salting) were used as the initial step in heavy salting of cod. The effects of brine composition (salt, phosphate, fish proteins) were evaluated. Pre-salting increased yield and quality, brine salting was more effective than pickle salting, but the best results were obtained by injection (followed by brine salting. Dry salted was used as the main salting step for all groups. Higher ratio of products with added proteins were graded as the best class (SPIG I). Effects on microbial growth or formation of degradation compounds (TVN, TMA, TBA) were not significant.Sensory analysis showed that curing characteristics (taste, odor, appearance, texture) were not affected by the salting procedure.

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Reports

Genotyping Kits for Cod / Genotyping kits for Atlantic cod

Published:

01/06/2007

Authors:

Sigurlaug Skírnisdóttir, Inga Schulte, Sigurbjörg Hauksdóttir, Kristinn Ólafsson, Steinunn Magnúsdóttir, Klara Björg Jakobsdóttir, Christophe Pampoule, Guðmundur Ó. Hreggviðsson, Sigríður Hjörleifsdóttir

Supported by:

AVS Fisheries Research Fund

Contact

Sigurlaug Skírnisdóttir

Project Manager

sigurlaug.skirnisdottir@matis.is

Genotyping Kits for Cod / Genotyping kits for Atlantic cod

The aim of the project was to develop new coding sets for cod (Gadus morhua) based on repeated DNA short sequences (microsatellites). A total of 118 genetic markers were studied. Two ten genetic marker kits have been developed (CodPrint10a and CodPrint10b) and a patent application has been filed for these genetic markers. Almost 300 Icelandic samples belonging to 3 different sampling areas (N-Iceland, SW-Iceland (shallow waters) and SW-Iceland (deep) were analyzed with these 20 genetic markers, but for comparison the samples were also analyzed with nine well-known and widely used genetic markers. These three sample groups were better distinguished by CodPrint10a and CodPrint10b genetic markers than by previously known genetic markers, and the research shows that the new genetic markers are suitable for both stock studies and parental analyzes.

The goal of the project was to develop new genotyping kits for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) based on microsatellite markers. A total of 118 markers were analyzed. Two 10 microsatellite markers sets were developed (CodPrint10a and CodPrint10b) and they were used to analyze approximately 300 samples that were collected in the Northeast Iceland, Southwest inshore Iceland and Southwest offshore Iceland. As a comparison the samples were also analyzed with nine previously known markers. A comparison of the new microsatellite loci and the nine previously used, showed that the power of individual discrimination was much stronger with the new microsatellite loci. Indeed, the discrimination of the samples was clearer with much less overlap of the individuals. Together, these results suggest that the new microsatellite loci are powerful and suitable for both population genetic analysis and paternity analysis, due to their high polymorphism and resolution power.

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Reports

QALIBRA-Heilsuvogin. First Annual Report

Published:

01/06/2007

Authors:

Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir, Nynke de Jong, Matthew Atkinson, Lynn Frewer, Bjorn Þorgilsson, Heiða Pálmadóttir, Andy Hart

Supported by:

European Union (EU), Matis, CSL, RIVM, WU, UPATRAS, Altagra, IPIMAR

QALIBRA-Heilsuvogin. First Annual Report

This report is the first annual report of the European project QALIBRA and covers the period from 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2007. QALIBRA, or “Quality of Life - Integrated Benefit and Risk Analysis. Webbased tool for assessing food safety and health benefits, ”abbreviated QALIBRA (Heilsuvogin in Icelandic), is the name of a European project, which falls under Priority 5, Food Quality & Safety in the 6th EU Research Program. This is a three-and-a-half-year project managed by the Fisheries Research Institute (now Matís ohf). The project manager is Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir, department manager at Matís. The aim of the QALIBRA project is to develop quantitative methods to assess both the positive and negative effects of food ingredients on human health. The aim is for these methods to be presented in a computer program that will be open and accessible to all stakeholders on the World Wide Web. Participants in the project are from Iceland, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Greece, Portugal and Hungary.

This is the first periodic activity and management report for the project QALIBRA - “Quality of life - integrated benefit and risk analysis. Web - based tool for assessing food safety and health benefits ”. The report covers the period from 01.04.06 to 31.03.07. QALIBRA is partly funded by the EC's Sixth Framework Program, Priority 5, Food Quality & Safety. It began in April 2006 and will end in 2009. The objectives of QALIBRA are to develop a suite of quantitative methods for assessing and integrating beneficial and adverse effects of foods and make them available to all stakeholders as web-based software for assessing and communicating net health impacts. The participants in the project are: Matís, Iceland, coordinator, Central Science Laboratory, United Kingdom, National Institute of Public Health and The Environment, The Netherlands, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, University of Patras, Greece, Altagra Business Service, Hungary, National Institute for Agriculture and Fisheries Research, Portugal.

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Reports

Results of measurements of the meat content of pork

Published:

01/06/2007

Authors:

Óli Þór Hilmarsson, Stefán Vilhjálmsson

Supported by:

Icelandic Pig Breeding Association

Contact

Óli Þór Hilmarsson

Project Manager

oli.th.hilmarsson@matis.is

Results of measurements of the meat content of pork

In the autumn of 2004, Matra's experts worked on researching the meat content of pork carcasses in Iceland with the aim of examining the possibilities of introducing electronic assessment of pork carcasses. The results were published in Matra report number 04:08 2004. It stated that an assessment of fat and muscle thickness at certain measuring points was unfinished, which was necessary to examine the variability of Icelandic pigs within the population as well as between individual farms. It would then be necessary to evaluate the results obtained from the evaluation of a certain number of pigs and compare them with the corresponding evaluation of Norwegian pigs. The results of the audit that this report deals with show that the conditions in this country are such that it is possible to implement electronic pig meat assessment in a good way. This is confirmed, among other things, by the opinion of the Norwegian chief meat assessment, which was our support and trust in this matter. It is also confirmed by measurement results that the variability of the Icelandic pig population is so small that there is no significant deviation even though the same calculation formula is used, according to measuring instruments, for all pigs.

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Reports

Characterization of cod myosin aggregates using static and dynamic light scattering

Published:

01/05/2007

Authors:

Tom Brenner, Ragnar Jóhannsson, Taco Nicolai

Supported by:

Matís, Rannís, AVS

Characterization of cod myosin aggregates using static and dynamic light scattering

Myosin was isolated from cod by different methods that yielded clusters of pure myosin. These clusters contained between 8 and 20 myosin molecules, and were stable in cold conditions (T <20 ° C) and in dilute solutions (C <5g / L) with 0.5M KCl at pH 6.0 to 8.0. At higher protein levels, it gelled or fell out. The low concentration cluster was examined by absorbance measurements and light distribution. The clustering stopped after a long heating time in most cases, but under certain circumstances it continued and led to the precipitation of the protein. Cooling led to further clustering, which appears to be reversible due to reheating. The structure of the clusters was determined after cooling and dilution. Self-contained clusters were analyzed, with a refractive index of 2.2. The size of the clusters increased with increasing temperature (30-70 ° C), increasing protein concentration (0.4-3 g / L) and decreasing pH (8.0-6.0). The construction of the clusters, however, was independent of formation conditions.

Myosin was extracted from Atlantic Cod (Gadus Morhua) using different methods resulting in small aggregates of pure myosin. These aggregates consisted of between 8 and 20 myosin molecules and were relatively stable at low temperatures (T <20 ° C) in dilute (C <5g / L) solutions containing 0.5M KCl in the pH range 6.0-8.0. At higher concentrations precipitation or gelation was observed. Heat induced aggregation at low concentrations was studied using turbidimetry and light scattering. In most cases the aggregation stagnated at longer heating times, but in some cases the aggregation continued until it led to precipitation of large flocs. Cooling led to further growth of the aggregates, which was, however, reversed upon heating. The structure of the aggregates was determined after cooling and dilution using static and dynamic light scattering. Self-similar aggregates were observed, characterized by a fractal dimension of 2.2. The size of the aggregates formed after extensive heating increased with increasing temperature (30-70 ° C), decreasing pH (8.0-6.0) and increasing protein concentration (0.4-3g / L), but the structure of large aggregates was independent of the conditions.

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Reports

The value and safety of Icelandic seafood. Food safety and added ranking / Food safety and added value of Icelandic seafood. Risk profiling and risk ranking

Published:

01/05/2007

Authors:

Eva Yngvadóttir, Birna Guðbjörnsdóttir

Supported by:

AVS Fisheries Research Fund and IFL / Matís ohf

The value and safety of Icelandic seafood. Food safety and added ranking / Food safety and added value of Icelandic seafood. Risk profiling and risk ranking

In this project, basic work was carried out on risk assessment for cod, shrimp, redfish, haddock, halibut, herring, saithe and kúfisk. These species were mapped for risk and their risk composition was obtained and a semi-quantitative risk assessment was performed on them. This risk assessment used a calculation model that has been developed in Australia and is called Risk Ranger. The risk assessment used data on consumption habits (dosages, frequency, etc.), frequency and causes of foodborne illness. Thus, the risk associated with the consumption of these marine products was calculated, based on certain assumptions. The reliability of a risk assessment is entirely dependent on the data and information used in its implementation. According to the available measurement data and given assumptions, the above-mentioned seafood products are classified in the lowest risk category (level <32) - low risk, compared to healthy individuals. In international food markets, Icelandic seafood has a good reputation for health and safety. Concerns about food safety, however, are growing in many places, so it is a great challenge for Icelanders to maintain this good reputation in the future.

This report contains the preliminary results of a risk profiling and risk ranking study for the following species: cod (Gadus moruha), shrimp (Pandalus borealis), ocean perch (Sebastes marinus), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) , saithe (Pollachius virens) and Iceland cyprine (Cyprina islandica). These species were surveyed with regard to terms of undesirable substances (Risk profiling and risk ranking, as well as semiquantitative risk assessment). An Australian software, Risk ranger, was used to compute the risk assessment. Various data, eg consumer behavior (daily intake, frequency etc.), and incidence and origin of food-borne diseases, were used. Thus, the risk of consuming these species was determined. The reliability of a risk assessment is dependent on the quality of the data which are used to carry it out. Based on the existing data and given prerequisites, it can be stated that the aforementioned species come under the lowest risk group (degree <32) - small risk, considering healthy individuals. Icelandic seafood products are renowned on the international food markets as being quality and safe food. However, in light of growing concern worldwide for food safety, it is a challenge for Icelandic seafood producers to maintain that good reputation.

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Reports

Dried fish as a health food

Published:

01/05/2007

Authors:

Ásbjörn Jónsson, Guðrún Anna Finnbogadóttir, Guðjón Þorkelsson, Hannes Magnússon, Ólafur Reykdal

Supported by:

AVS Fisheries Research Fund

Contact

Guðjón Þorkelsson

Strategic Scientist

gudjon.thorkelsson@matis.is

Dried fish as a health food

The main goal of the project was to obtain basic information about the properties of Icelandic dried fish and that the information would be open and thus to the benefit of all dried fish producers in Iceland. The main conclusion of the project is that dried fish is a very rich protein source with 80-85% protein content. The amino acids were measured and compared with amino acids in eggs. Dried fish proteins proved to be of high quality. These results support the marketing of dried fish, both as a healthy and national food. It is important to look at the salt content of dried fish better and try to reduce it to increase the health of dried fish, especially in hot-dried dried fish as it turned out to be much higher than in other dried fish. Measurements of trace elements showed that their amount in dried fish is well within limits compared to the recommended daily allowance (RDS) outside selenium. Its amount in 100 g is three times the recommended daily dose. However, it is not considered harmful in any way.

The main object of this project was to establish information of the quality of Icelandic dried fish, which could benefit producers in Iceland. The main results showed that dried fish is a very rich source of proteins, containing 80-85% protein. Amino acids were measured and compared with amino acids in eggs. The conclusion was that proteins in the dried fish were of high quality. This supports the marketing of dried fish in the health foods and traditional food markets. However, it is important to analyze better the salt content in dried fish and find ways to reduce it to improve balanced diet in dried fish, especially for indoor produced dried fish, where the salt content is rather high. The trace elements in dried fish were found to be minimal, except for selen, where the content was threefold the recommended daily allowance (RDA). This is not, however, hazardous for people in any way.

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Reports

Antihypertensive effect (ACE inhibitory activity) in Icelandic seafood - installation of measurement methods

Published:

01/05/2007

Authors:

Lárus Freyr Þórhallsson, Margrét Geirsdóttir, Guðmundur Óli Hreggviðsson, Sigurður Vilhelmsson, Guðjón Þorkelsson

Supported by:

AVS Fisheries Research Fund

Contact

Margrét Geirsdóttir

Project Manager

mg@matis.is

Antihypertensive effect (ACE inhibitory activity) in Icelandic seafood - installation of measurement methods

The main goal of the project was to set up measurements of ACE-inhibiting activity at the Fisheries Research Institute (Matís ohf). It is Matís ohf's intention to use these measurement methods to increase the value of Icelandic seafood by examining in which products this activity is found and thus it will be possible to develop new products and acquire new markets for Icelandic seafood. The Fisheries Research Institute, LaRochelle University in France and the Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Iceland worked together on this project. The reason for the project was that IFL is working on several projects where the policy is to study the so-called bioactivity (healthy / health-improving) seafood. Bioactivity is a prerequisite for being able to market products as functional food. The University of LaRochelle specializes in measuring the ACE inhibitory effects of peptides from all kinds of raw materials. These measurements have not been made in Iceland. A large part of the project was done as a final project in the M.Sc. studies in pharmacology at the University of Iceland. This report is mostly based on Lárus Freys Þórhallsson's master's thesis in the spring of 2007. A measurement method was set up and developed to measure the ACE barrier, which works to determine IC50 values according to enalapril validation. The results also indicate that some ACE inhibitory activity is found in cod hydrolyzate and was most active in hydrolyzate filtered with a 1 kDa filter. The result of the project is therefore a measurement method that will be used in numerous projects on bioactivity in Icelandic seafood. The project has an indirect effect on the value of Icelandic seafood by promoting the development of products for use in special diets, food supplements and target foods.

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